International Up-to-date Clinical Channel, IUCC

2021-10-17 21:52:47 An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. The majority of cysts are harmless. If the cyst either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary, it may cause severe pain. This may result in vomiting or feeling faint.
Most ovarian cysts are related to ovulation, being either follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts. Other types include cysts due to endometriosis, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas. Many small cysts occur in both ovaries in polycystic ovary syndrome. Pelvic inflammatory disease may also result in cysts. Rarely, cysts may be a form of ovarian cancer. Diagnosis is undertaken by pelvic examination with an ultrasound or other testing used to gather further details.

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2021-10-15 14:51:27 Nervous system consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor nerves or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory nerves or afferent. Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that serve both functions. The PNS is divided into three separate subsystems, the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily.

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2021-10-15 12:10:57 International Medical Channels and Groups:

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2021-10-12 15:13:34 Cancellous bone, also called spongy bone, is the internal tissue of the skeletal bone. Cancellous bone has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio than cortical bone and it is less dense. This makes it weaker and more flexible. The greater surface area also makes it suitable for metabolic activities such as the exchange of calcium ions. Cancellous bone is typically found at the ends of long bones, near joints and in the interior of vertebrae. Cancellous bone is highly vascular and often contains red bone marrow where hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells, occurs.

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2021-10-06 17:33:24 Blood supply to the brain is normally divided into anterior and posterior segments, relating to the different arteries that supply the brain. The two main pairs of arteries are the Internal carotid arteries (supply the anterior brain) and vertebral arteries (supplying the brainstem and posterior brain). The circle of Willis is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.
The circle of Willis is a part of the cerebral circulation and is composed of these arteries:
● Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
● Anterior communicating artery
● Internal carotid artery (left and right)
● Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
● Posterior communicating artery (left and right)

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2021-10-03 18:11:28 Cardiac angiosarcoma the right atrium. The tumor was approximately 4 cm in diameter and attached just above the tricuspid valve annulus, extending anteriorly and laterally. The tumor extended into the right atrioventricular sulcus and was present throughout the atrioventricular sulcus shortly after the origin of the right coronary artery and extending posteriorly.

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2021-09-29 22:00:22 Heart valve replacement surgery

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2021-09-28 23:04:57 Podocyte cells in the Bowman's capsule -  Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Podocytes are cells in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus. Podocytes make up the epithelial lining of Bowman's capsule, the third layer through which filtration of blood takes place. The Bowman's capsule filters the blood, retaining large molecules such as proteins while smaller molecules such as water, salts, and sugars are filtered as the first step in the formation of urine. Although various viscera have epithelial layers, the name visceral epithelial cells usually refers specifically to podocytes, which are specialized epithelial cells that reside in the visceral layer of the capsule.

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2021-09-25 22:21:04 Kaposi sarcoma of the mouth

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2021-09-24 21:31:27 Cholesterol gallstones in a gallbladder that was removed

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