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The latest Messages 21
2021-07-24 16:00:01
*#Some_MOST_Important_Questions#* #FROMNCERT
* CELL *
The word cell came from the latin word.
* Ans: Cellula*
All living organisms are made up of
* Ans: Cell*
Study of cell - *Cytology*
Study of tissue - *Histology*
The physical unit of life
* Ans: Protoplasm*
Who invented the cell?
* Ans: Robert Hook in 1665*
Cell theory was proposed by?
* Ans: M.J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)*
Scientist who observed cork cells under a microscope?
* Ans: Robert Hook*
Plant cell was discovered by?
* Ans: Robert Hook*
The term protoplasm was coined by 3.E. Purkinje Scientist who called protoplasm as the physical basis of life T.H. Huxley
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Largest cell
* Ans: Ostrich's egg*
Smallest cell?
* Ans: Mycoplasma*
Organisms known as pleuro pneumonia like organism (PPLO)?
* Ans: Mycoplasma*
Smallest cell in the human body?
* Ans: Sperm*
Largest cell in human body?
* Ans: Ovum*
Longest cell in human body?
* Ans: Neuron*
Power house of a cell?
* Ans: Mitochondria*
Brain of the cell?
* Ans: Nucleus*
Kitchen of the cell?
* Ans: Chloroplast*
Energy Currency of the cell?
* Ans: ATP*
Suicidal bag?
* Ans: Lysosomes*
Traffic Police of the cell?
* Ans: Golgibodies*
Skeletal system of the cell?
* Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum*
The cell having most life span in human body?
* Ans: RBC*
Cytoplasm and Nucleus are included in?
* Ans: Protoplasm*
The cell organelle known as protein factory?
* Ans: Ribosome*
The organelle in the site of protein synthesis?
* Ans: Ribosome*
Ribosome has its own?
* Ans: RNA*
Two types of acids present in cell?
* Ans: DNA and RNA*
The basic unit of chromosome?
* Ans: DNA*
The functional unit of DNA?
* Ans: Genes*
Function of DNA?
* Ans: Transmission of hereditary traits*
Function of RNA?
* Ans: Protein synthesis*
Each chromosome has?
* Ans: A pair of DNA*
DNA sugar is called?
* Ans: Deoxyribose*
The nitrogen bases in DNA?
* Ans: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine*
The RNA sugar?
* Ans: Ribose*
The nitrogen bases in RNA?
* Ans : Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine*
The double helical model of DNA was discovered by?
* Ans: James Watson and Francis Crick*
The enzyme present in lysosome?
* Ans: Hydrolytic enzyme*
Lysosome was discovered by?
* Ans: Christion de Duve (1955)*
Compounds enter the cell through?
* Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum*
The cell organelle which is the sites of energy transfer in living cell?
* Ans: Mitochondria*
The functions of mitochondria?
* Ans: Cellular respiration, ATP production*
The stage of cellular respiration which does not need oxygen?
* Ans: Glycolysis*
The term Mitochondria was coined by?
* Ans: Carl Benda (1898)*
Name the process in which the main product is energy?
* Ans: Cellular respiration*
In mitochondria the energy is formed in the form of?
* Ans: ATP molecules*
Which molecule is known as the energy currency?
* Ans : ATP molecule*
ATP?
* Ans: Adenosine Triphosphate*
The cell that lacks mitochondria and nucleus?
* Ans: RBC*
Number of ATP molecule that will get from one molecule of glucose?
* Ans: 38ATP*
The elements in the component of ATP?
* Ans: Nitrogen and phosphorus*
Kerb's cycle is related to?
* Ans: Cellular respiration*
Cell respiration was discovered by?
* Ans: Adolf Krebs*
The whole process of a cell is controlled by?
* Ans: Nucleus*
The cell without nucleus?
* Ans: Prokaryotic cell*
The cell with nucleus?
* Ans : Eukaryotic cell*
Nucleus was discovered by?
* Ans : Robert Brown*
Name the process in which lysosome digest its own cell organelles?
* Ans: Autoplagy*
A network like structure inside the nucleus is called?
* Ans: Chromatin Reticulum*
The structure of cell is first explained in the book of?
* Ans: Micrographia*
The living thing which do not obey cell theory?
* Ans: Virus*
The scientist first studied about all structure and cell reaction?
* Ans: Theodor Schwaan*
Schwaan cell are seen in?
* Ans: Nerve cell*
878 views13:00
2021-07-24 07:17:46
#MOSTimp PONITS USES OF INERT GASES :
(1) He is non-inflammable and light gas, so it is used in filling
balloons for meteorological observations.
(2) He is used in gas cooled nuclear reactors.
(3) Liquid He is used as cryogenic agent.
(4) He is used to produce powerful superconducting magnets.
(5) Ne is used in discharge tubes.
(6) Ar is used as inert atmosphere in metallurgical process.
(7) Xenon and Krypton are used in light bulbs designed for special purposes.
#MOST IMPORTANT ORDER :
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(1) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe Atomic radius
(2) He > Ne > Ar > Kr > Xe Ionisation energy
(3) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe < Rn Density
(4) He < Ne < Ar < Kr < Xe < Rn mpt. bpt
919 views04:17
2021-07-24 07:15:03
ALL ABOUT #Tissues #FROMNCERT
Tissues are categorized as −
Plant Tissue
Animal Tissue
Plant Tissue
Following are the major types of plant tissue −
Meristematic Tissues
Permanent Tissues
Simple Permanent Tissues
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Epidermis
Complex Permanent Tissue
Xylem
Phloem
Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic tissue mainly consists of actively dividing cells, and helps in increasing the length and thickening the stems of the plant.
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Meristematic tissue, commonly, present in the primary growth regions of a plant, for example, in the tips of stems or roots.
Depending on the region (where the meristematic tissues are found); meristematic tissues are classified as apical, lateral, and intercalary (see the image given below).
Apical meristem (as shown in the above image) is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and helps in their growth.
Lateral Meristem is found in stem or root region and helps in their growth.
Intercalary meristem is found at the base of the leaves or internodes (on twigs) and helps in growth.
828 viewsedited 04:15
2021-07-23 17:30:06
#MOST Important Points of the Chapter "Biotechnology: Principles and Process"#FROMÑCERT
The first recombination DNA made by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer(1972) by linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid (autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA ) of Salmonella typhimurium into E.coli
Restriction enzymes belong class of enzymes called nucleases.
There are two types of restriction enzymes: Endonuclease (cuts at specific positions within the DNA ) & Exonucleases (remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA)
Palindromic nucleotide sequences: The palindrome in DNA is a sequence of base pairs that reads same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same.
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Gel Electrophoresis: It is a technique to separate out DNA fragments formed by restriction endonuclease
Plasmids: it is a circular extra-chromosomal DNA of bacteria, having antibiotic resistance gene.
Micro-injection: It is a technique of injecting recombinant DNA is directly into the nucleus of an animal cell.
405 views14:30
2021-07-23 13:11:22
#Oneshot #SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY #fromNcert
581 views10:11
2021-07-23 11:40:15
#MOSTImp POINTS on #Breathing and Exchange of Gases
#FROMNCERT #NEET2021
Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
There are following respiratory volumes and capacity:
(i) Tidal volume (TV): It is volume of air normally inspired or expired in one breath (i.e. inspiration and expiration) without any extra effort. It is about 500 ml in normal healthy adult. In infants it is 15 ml and in fetus it is 0 ml.
(ii) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) : By taking a very deep breath, you can inspire a good deal more than 500 ml. This additional inhaled air, called IRV is about 3000 ml.
(iii) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) : If you inhale normally & then exhale as forcibly as possible, you should be able to push out 1200 ml of air in addition to 500ml. of T.V. The extra 1200 ml is called ERV.
(iv) Residual volume (RV): Even after expiratory reserve volume is expelled, considerable air remains in the lung, this volume, which cannot be measured by spirometry, and it is called residual volume is about 1200 ml.
(v) Dead space: Portion of tracheobronchial tree where gaseous exchange does not occur is called dead space. It is also called conductive zone. Dead space is 150 ml.
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(vi) Functional residual capacity (FRC): It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration. It is about 2300 ml.
FRC = ERV + RV
= 1100 + 1200 = 2300 ml.
(vii) Vital capacity (VC): This is the maximum amount of air that can be expired forcefully from his lungs after first filling these with a maximum deep inspiration. It is about 4600 ml.
VC = IRV + TV + ERV
= 3000+500+1100 = 4600 ml.
(viii) Total lung capacity (TLC): TLC is the sum of vital capacity (VC) and residual volume (RV). It is about 5800ml.
TLC = VC + RV
= 4600 + 1200 = 5800 ml.
(ix) Inspiratory capacity (IC): It is the total amount of air a person can inspire by maximum distension of his lungs.
I.C. = TV + IRV
= 500 + 3000 = 3500 ml
Process of Respiration
The process of respiration is completed in 4 steps:
(i) Breathing or ventilation
(ii) Exchange of gases or External respiration
(iii) Transport of gases
(iv) Cellular respiration
(i) Ventilation or breathing:
Breathing is movement of thorax, expansion (inflation) and deflation of lungs and flow of air into the lungs and from the lungs. It is extracellular, energy consuming and physical process. Sum of inspiration and expiration is called respiratory movement. There are two steps of breathing:
(a) Inspiration: Intake of fresh air in lungs from outside. It is an active process. Blood pressure increases during later part of respiration.
(b) Expiration: Out flow of the air from the lungs is called expiration. When expiration occurs, the inspiratory muscles relax. As the external intercostal relax, ribs move inferiorly and as the diaphragm relaxes, its dome moves superiorly owing to its elasticity.
https://t.me/NCERT_BIOLOGY_ANALYSIS
624 views08:40
2021-07-23 11:34:03
#oneshot #Probability #FROMNCERT
554 views08:34
2021-07-23 11:33:18
#Oneshot #ComplexNumber #FROMNCERT #UNMUT_THIS_CHNL
560 viewsedited 08:33
2021-07-23 06:41:00
#ONESHOT #PROJECTILEMOTION #fromncert
619 viewsedited 03:41
2021-07-23 06:39:00
#MOSTimp POINTS on Atomic Physics #FROMNCERT
e/m of an electron (Thomson Method):-
(a) e/m of a particle is called the specific charge of the particle.
e/m = v/rB
Here, r is the radius of curvature, B is the strength of magnetic field, v is the velocity, e is the charge on cathode ray particle and m is the mass.
(b) v = E/B
Electric field:- E = V/d
Photo electric effect:- Photo-electric effect is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from the surfaces of certain substances, mainly metals, when light of shorter wavelength is incident upon them.
Effect of collector’s potential on photoelectric current:-
(a) Presence of current for zero value potential indicates that the electrons are ejected from the surface of emitter with some energy.
(b) A gradual change in the number of electrons reaching the collector due to change in its potential indicates that the electrons are ejected with a variety of velocities.
(c) Current is reduced to zero for some negative potential of collector indicating that there is some upper limit to the energy of electrons emitted.
(d) Current depends upon the intensity of incident light.
(e) Stopping potential is independent of the intensity of light.
Effect of intensity of light:- The photoelectric currentis directly proportional to theintensity of incident radiation.
Effect of frequency of light:-
(a) Stopping potentialdepends upon thefrequency of light. Greater the frequency of light greater is the stopping potential.
(b) Saturation current is independent of frequency.
(c) Threshold frequency is the minimum frequency, that capable of producing photoelectric effect.
Laws of Photoelectricity:-
(a) Photoelectric effect is an instantaneous process.
(b) Photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light and is independent of its frequency.
(c) The stopping potential and hence the maximum velocity of the electrons depends upon the frequency of incident light and is independent of its frequency.
(d) The emission of electrons stops below a certain minimum frequency known as threshold frequency.
Energy contained in bundle or packet:-
E = hf = hc/λ
Here h is the Planck’s constant and f is the frequency.
Work function:- It is defined as the minimum energy required to pull an electron out from the surface of metal. It is denoted by W0.
Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect:-
(a) ½ mvmax2 = hf – W0
(b) ½ mvmax2 = hf – hf0 = h(f- f0) = h [c/λ – c/λ0]
(c) eV0 = hf - W0
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(d)V0 = [(h/e)f] – [W0/e]
Here f0 is threshold frequency.
Threshold frequency (f0):- f0 = work function/h = W/h
Maximum kinetic energy of emitted photo electrons:-
?Kmax= ½ mvmax2 = eV0
Threshold wavelength:- λ0 = c/f0 = hc/hf0 = hc/W
Slope of V0~ v graph:- Slope= h/e
Rest mass of photon = 0, Charge = 0
Energy of photon:- E = hf = hc/λ
Momentum of photon:- p = E/c = h/λ = hf/c
Mass od photon:- m = E/c2 = h/cλ = hf/c2
For electron, λe = [12.27/√V]Å
For proton, λp = [0.286/√V]Å
For alpha particle, λα = [0.286/√V]Å
For particle at temperature T, λ = h/√3mKT (E = 3/2 KT)
The wavelength of electron accelerated by potential difference of V volts is:-
λe= [12.27/√V]Å
Number of photons:-
(a) Number of photons per sec per m2, np = Intensity/hf
(b) Number of photons incident per second, np = Power/hf
(c) Number of electrons emitted per second = (efficiency per surface)× (number of photons incident per second)
Compton wave length:-
(a) λc = h/m0c
Here h is the Planck’s constant, m0 is the rest mass of electron and c is the speed of light.
(b) Change in wavelength:- λ' – λ =λc (1-cos?)
de Broglie wavelength (λ):-λ = h/mv = h/√(2mE) = h/√(2meV)
In accordance to Bohr’s postulate of atomic structure, the angular momentum of an electron is an integral multiple of h/2π.
So, mvr = nh/2π
Bragg’s diffraction law:- 2dsinθ = nλ
Here λ is the wavelength of electron and d is distance between the planes.
https://t.me/NCERT_BIOLOGY_ANALYSIS
619 viewsedited 03:39
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