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2021-07-09 09:38:30 Mode of Action of Enzymes

Enzymes

Enzymes (Gk. en = in; zyme = yeast) are proteinaceous substances which are capable of catalysing chemical reactions of biological origins without themselves undergoing any change.
Enzymes are biocatalysts.
An enzyme may be defined as "a protein that enhances the rate of biochemical reactions but does not affect the nature of final product."
Maximum enzymes (70%) in the cell are found in mitochondrion. The study of the composition and function of the enzyme is known as enzymology.


There are two views regarding the mode of enzyme action :

(1) Lock and key hypothesis

(2) Induced fit hypothesis

(1) Lock and key hypothesis : The hypothesis was put forward by Emil Fisher (1894) . According to this hypothesis the enzyme and its substrate have a complementary shape. The specific substrate molecules are bound to a specific site of the enzyme molecule.

(2) Induced fit hypothesis : This hypothesis was proposed by Daniel, E. Koshland (1959).

According to this view, the active sites of an enzyme are not rigid. When the substrate binds to enzyme, it may induce a change in shape of the enzyme molecule in such a way that it is fit for the substrate-enzyme interaction. The change in shape of the enzyme molecules can put strain on the substrate. This stress may help bonds to break, thus promoting the reaction. Open / Comment

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2021-07-08 19:06:43 News News

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2021-07-08 15:54:36 IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT

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2021-07-08 15:53:48 Important Points of the Chapter "Biotechnology: Principles and Process"

The first recombination DNA made by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer(1972) by linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid (autonomously replicating circular extra-chromosomal DNA ) of Salmonella typhimurium into E.coli

Restriction enzymes belong class of enzymes called nucleases.

There are two types of restriction enzymes: Endonuclease (cuts at specific positions within the DNA ) & Exonucleases (remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA)

Palindromic nucleotide sequences: The palindrome in DNA is a sequence of base pairs that reads same on the two strands when orientation of reading is kept the same.

Gel Electrophoresis: It is a technique to separate out DNA fragments formed by restriction endonuclease

Plasmids: it is a circular extra-chromosomal DNA of bacteria, having antibiotic resistance gene.

Micro-injection: It is a technique of injecting recombinant DNA is directly into the nucleus of an animal cell. Open / Comment

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