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#NEET2022 #JEE2022 #NEETNOTES #JEENOTES #NEETQUIZ #BIOLOGYNOTES
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The latest Messages 8
2021-09-21 13:03:42
Notes on Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
There are following respiratory volumes and capacity:
(i) Tidal volume (TV): It is volume of air normally inspired or expired in one breath (i.e. inspiration and expiration) without any extra effort. It is about 500 ml in normal healthy adult. In infants it is 15 ml and in fetus it is 0 ml.
(ii) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) : By taking a very deep breath, you can inspire a good deal more than 500 ml. This additional inhaled air, called IRV is about 3000 ml.
(iii) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) : If you inhale normally & then exhale as forcibly as possible, you should be able to push out 1200 ml of air in addition to 500ml. of T.V. The extra 1200 ml is called ERV.
(iv) Residual volume (RV): Even after expiratory reserve volume is expelled, considerable air remains in the lung, this volume, which cannot be measured by spirometry, and it is called residual volume is about 1200 ml.
(v) Dead space: Portion of tracheobronchial tree where gaseous exchange does not occur is called dead space. It is also called conductive zone. Dead space is 150 ml.
(vi) Functional residual capacity (FRC): It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration. It is about 2300 ml.
FRC = ERV + RV
= 1100 + 1200
= 2300 ml.
(vii) Vital capacity (VC): This is the maximum amount of air that can be expired forcefully from his lungs after first filling these with a maximum deep inspiration. It is about 4600 ml.
VC = IRV + TV + ERV
= 3000+500+1100 = 4600 ml.
(viii) Total lung capacity (TLC): TLC is the sum of vital capacity (VC) and residual volume (RV). It is about 5800ml.
TLC = VC + RV
= 4600 + 1200 = 5800 ml.
(ix) Inspiratory capacity (IC): It is the total amount of air a person can inspire by maximum distension of his lungs.
I.C. = TV + IRV
= 500 + 3000 = 3500 ml
Process of Respiration
The process of respiration is completed in 4 steps:
Breathing or ventilation
Exchange of gases or External respiration
Transport of gases
Cellular respiration
Ventilation or breathing:
Breathing is movement of thorax, expansion (inflation) and deflation of lungs and flow of air into the lungs and from the lungs. It is extracellular, energy consuming and physical process. Sum of inspiration and expiration is called respiratory movement.
There are two steps of breathing:
Inspiration: Intake of fresh air in lungs from outside. It is an active process. Blood pressure increases during later part of respiration.
Expiration: Out flow of the air from the lungs is called expiration. When expiration occurs, the inspiratory muscles relax. As the external intercostal relax, ribs move inferiorly and as the diaphragm relaxes, its dome moves superiorly owing to its elasticity.
━──━─❖─━──━─ ◎
───※ ·❆· ※──*─
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𝗝𝗢𝗜𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗦
1.7K viewsedited 10:03
2021-09-21 09:53:39
BORON:
•In casting of copper as a dioxidizer
•Boron rods used in automic reactor.
•Boron fiber used in bullet proof jacket,
•In composite material of aircraft
•Used in braintumer therapy.
BORAX:
•As a flux for soldring metal.
•In borex bead test
•In softning of water
•Antiseptic
•Manufacturing of enamels of glazes, tiles.
•For making optical and borosilicals SS.
•Food preservative
ALUMINIUM:
• Making house hold, untensils, frames, roof,aircrafts.
• Electric wire.
•Thermite process (In metallurgy of Cr, Mn, Fe)
•For transportin nitric acid.
•AI, Hg used as reducing agent.
•Aluminium powder + Ammonium nitrate.
LEAD [Pb]:
•In making telegraph and telephone wires
•Making bullets
•Making chamber in HSO, process.
NITROGEN:
•In the manufacturing of HNO3, NH3, CaCN2.
•Liquid nitrogen used as refrigrant.
•Inert atmosphere in metallurgy.
•Gas thermometer and electrical bulb
NH3:
• Refrigeration
•Manufacturing HNO3, NaHCO3
•Artificial Silk.
• Urea Formation
•For solvent
HNO3:
• Manufacturing of ammonium nitrateas fertilizer.
•In explosive
• For making nitroglycerine.
• Making TNT.
• Pickling against of stainless steel.
• Etching of Metal
•Oxidizer in rocket fule.
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𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍
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605 viewsedited 06:53
2021-09-21 06:35:27
𝐌𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐬 perform the following 𝐣𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 in 𝐛𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐮𝐦
(a) Helps in 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧, etc.
(b) Helps in 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 the 𝐞𝐧𝐳𝐲𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐜 content and surface area of the 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐦𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐞.
(c) Helps in the 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 of a 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥.
(d) Helps in the 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 of 𝐃𝐍𝐀 and distribution of 𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 to 𝐝𝐚𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐫 cells during 𝐟𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧.
𝐊𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐒𝐔𝐏𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆 & 𝐊𝐄𝐄𝐏 𝐒𝐓𝐔𝐃𝐘𝐈𝐍𝐆.
🅂🄷🄰🅁🄴 🅆🄸🅃🄷 🅈🄾🅄🅁 🄵🅁🄸🄴🄽🄳🅂
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𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍
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1.3K viewsedited 03:35
2021-09-20 19:41:00
𝙄𝙈𝙋𝙊𝙍𝙏𝘼𝙉𝙏 𝙉𝙊𝙏𝙀𝙎
1) 𝙍𝙚𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙧 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙖𝙧𝙧𝙤𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙖𝙩𝙤 𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙪𝙚 𝙩𝙤:
𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙘𝙮𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙣
2) 𝙋.𝙃 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙 𝙞𝙨
7.0
3) 𝙇𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣 𝙞𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙙𝙚 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙤𝙙𝙮 𝙞𝙨:
𝙇𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧
4) 𝙇𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙤𝙙𝙮 𝙞𝙨:
𝙨𝙠𝙞𝙣
5) 𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙪𝙡𝙤𝙨𝙚𝙨:
𝘾𝙖𝙧𝙗𝙤𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨
6) 𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙨𝙢𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚:
𝙍𝘽𝘾𝙨
7) 𝙉𝙤 𝙤𝙛 𝙗𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙤𝙙𝙮 𝙞𝙨:
206
8) 𝙎𝙢𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙪𝙣𝙞𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙡𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙞𝙨:
𝘾𝙚𝙡𝙡
9) 𝙍𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙨 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙣𝙤:
𝙉𝙪𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙪𝙨
10) 𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙩𝙚 𝙗𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙤 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙖𝙨:
𝙇𝙚𝙪𝙘𝙤𝙘𝙮𝙩𝙚𝙨
11) 𝙍𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙡𝙤𝙤𝙙 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙤 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙖𝙨:
𝙀𝙧𝙮𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙤𝙘𝙮𝙩𝙚𝙨
12) 𝙇𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙤𝙣 𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙝 𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙪𝙩:
3 𝙗𝙞𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙮𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙨 𝙖𝙜𝙤
13) 𝙒𝙝𝙚𝙣 𝙚𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙝 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙨𝙥𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙤𝙛:
𝙒𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙫𝙖𝙥𝙤𝙪𝙧, 𝙖𝙢𝙢𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙖 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙈𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙚
14) 𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙡𝙞𝙛𝙚 𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮:
𝙊𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙣
15) 𝙂𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙥 𝙤𝙛 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙨 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙢𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙨:
𝙏𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙪𝙚
16) 𝙆𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙙𝙤𝙢 𝙛𝙪𝙣𝙜𝙞 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙠𝙣𝙤𝙬𝙣 𝙖𝙨:
𝘿𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙚𝙧
17) 𝙒𝙝𝙞𝙘𝙝 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡 𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙣𝙤𝙩 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡 𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣:
𝙍𝙞𝙗𝙤𝙨𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙨
18) 𝙇𝙤𝙣𝙜𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙗𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙤𝙙𝙮 𝙞𝙨:
𝙁𝙚𝙢𝙪𝙧
19) 𝙎𝙝𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙗𝙤𝙣𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙗𝙤𝙙𝙮 𝙞𝙨:
𝙎𝙩𝙖𝙥𝙚𝙨
20) 𝙈𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙛𝙤𝙤𝙙 𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙙 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢:
𝙁𝙧𝙪𝙞𝙩𝙨
21) 𝘼𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙡𝙡𝙞𝙜𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙢𝙖𝙢𝙢𝙖𝙡 𝙞𝙨:
𝘿𝙤𝙡𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙨
22) 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙠𝙖𝙧𝙮𝙤𝙩 𝙙𝙤𝙚𝙨𝙣'𝙩 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙨𝙨:
𝙉𝙪𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙪𝙨
23) 𝙀𝙪𝙠𝙖𝙧𝙮𝙤𝙩 𝙝𝙖𝙨 𝙖:
𝙉𝙪𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙪𝙨
24) 𝙄𝙣 𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡..............𝙞𝙨 𝙣𝙤𝙩 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙
𝙂𝙤𝙡𝙜𝙞 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙨
25) ................𝙄𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡 𝙬𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙚 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙢𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙡 𝙞𝙩 𝙞𝙨 𝙖𝙗𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙩.
𝘾𝙚𝙡𝙡 𝙬𝙖𝙡𝙡
𝙆𝙚𝙚𝙥 𝙨𝙪𝙥𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙠𝙚𝙚𝙥 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮𝙞𝙣𝙜
🅂🄷🄰🅁🄴 🅆🄸🅃🄷 🅈🄾🅄🅁 🄵🅁🄸🄴🄽🄳🅂
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𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@IITJEE_NEET_NOTES
╚════════════════╝
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@crack_biology_101
╚════════════════╝
2.0K viewsedited 16:41
2021-09-20 19:26:24
CAPACITANCE HANDWRITTEN NOTES
🅂🄷🄰🅁🄴 🅆🄸🅃🄷 🅈🄾🅄🅁 🄵🅁🄸🄴🄽🄳🅂
▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬▭▬
𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@IITJEE_NEET_NOTES
╚════════════════╝
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@crack_biology_101
╚════════════════╝
1.7K views16:26
2021-09-20 19:26:10
COMPLETE ELECTROSTATICS HANDWRITTEN NOTES
🅂🄷🄰🅁🄴 🅆🄸🅃🄷 🅈🄾🅄🅁 🄵🅁🄸🄴🄽🄳🅂
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𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@IITJEE_NEET_NOTES
╚════════════════╝
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@crack_biology_101
╚════════════════╝
1.6K views16:26
2021-09-20 07:16:56
PHYSICS
IMPULSE & SHM
FOR MORE JOIN
╔════════════════════╗
@iitjee_neet_notes
╚════════════════════╝
╔════════════════╗
▒☞@Chemistry_Handwritten_Notes_Neet
╚════════════════╝
373 views04:16
2021-09-20 06:23:03
696 views03:23
2021-09-19 20:49:43
𝐀𝐋𝐋 𝐏𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐆𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐇𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐄𝐒 𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑:
𝙏𝙍𝙄𝘾𝙆:- “𝐆𝐎𝐀𝐓 𝐅𝐋𝐀𝐏”
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
i) 𝐆𝐇,
ii) 𝐎𝐗𝐘𝐓𝐎𝐂𝐈𝐍,
iii) 𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐇,
iv) 𝐓𝐒𝐇,
v) 𝐅𝐒𝐇,
vi) 𝐋𝐇,
vii 𝐀𝐃𝐇,
viii) 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐋𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐍.
𝐊𝐞𝐞𝐩 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 & 𝐤𝐞𝐞𝐩 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠
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𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓
𝐉𝐎𝐈𝐍
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▒☞@IITJEE_NEET_NOTES
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