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2021-11-28 12:27:56 𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙩𝙚𝙧 - 𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙗𝙚𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙬𝙚𝙡𝙛𝙖𝙧𝙚

1.curd also known as lactobacillus or lactic acid bacteria(LAB) with high nutritional quality by increasing vitamin B12.

2.large holes in Swiss cheese are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by bacteria named 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙥𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙪𝙢 𝙨𝙜𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙞.

3.camemcert cheese(soft) - penicillium camemberti

4.Roquefort cheese( semi-hard) -penicillium Roqueforti

5.Baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

6.'Toddy' prepared from sap of palms by fermentation.

7.yeast fermentation are
a) Beer- produced from hordeum vulgare and alcohal content is 3-6%
b) Wine - from grapes and alcohol amount is 10-20%
c) brands - distillation of wine and alcohol amount is 60-70%
d) Tum prodced from molasses of sugarcane and alcohol amount is 40%

8.penicillin was the first antibiotic by 𝘼𝙡𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙁𝙡𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙜.

9. The bottle juice was cleared by 𝙥𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙚.

10. Streptokinase (by Bacterium streptococcus)- clot buster

11.Cyclosporin A ( by fungus trichiderma polysporum) - immunosuppressive agent

12.Statins (by yeast monascus purpureus) - blood cholesterol lowering agent.

13.𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙚- those biological agents that are used for control of weeds, insects,pathogens by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

14. 𝘽𝙖𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙨 used as biological agents are in the genus nucleopolyhedrovirus.

15. 𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙧𝙨- organisms that are enrich the nutrient quality of soil by bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria.

16 .in 𝘽𝙞𝙤(𝙜𝙤𝙗𝙖𝙧) 𝙜𝙖𝙨 - 𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙚(50-70%), 𝘾𝙊2(30-40%), 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣, 𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣, 𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣 𝙨𝙪𝙡𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙙𝙚. Open / Comment

2021-11-28 11:53:34 Last chance
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2021-11-28 09:48:23 Revision Notes on Vectors


Some Basic Results of Vector Calculus:
1) Vectors in the same direction can be added by simply adding their magnitudes. But if the vectors to be added are in opposite directions, then their magnitudes are subtracted and not added.

2) Column vectors can be added by simply adding the values in each row.

3) You can find the magnitude of a vector in three dimensions by using the formula a2 = b2 + c2 + d2, where a is the magnitude of the vector, and b, c, and d are the components in each direction.

4) If l1a + m1b = l2a + m2b then l1 = l2 and m1 = m2

5) Collinear Vectors are also parallel vectors except that they lie on the same line.

6) When two vectors are parallel, the dot product of the vectors is 1 and their cross product is zero.

7)Two collinear vectors are always linearly dependent.

8) Two non-collinear non-zero vectors are always linearly independent

9) Three coplanar vectors are always linearly dependent.

10) Three non-coplanar non-zero vectors are always linearly independent

11) More than 3 vectors are always linearly dependent.

12) Three vectors are linearly dependent if they are coplanar that means any one of them can be represented as a linear combination of other two.

STAY UNMUTED Open / Comment

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2021-11-27 23:11:34 Important Points of NCERT :

Environmental protection act:- 1986

Air Act:- 1981(amended in 1987)

1990:- Delhi ranked 4th out of 41 most polluted cities in the World.

All buses run on CNG by- 2002

Water Act:- 1974

Chipko movement(Garhwal Himalayas):- 1974

JFM(Joint Forest Management):- the 1980s

Montreal Protocol (Canada):- 1987 (amended in 1989)

The Earth Summit:- 1992 (Rio de Janeiro)

World Summit:- 2002 (Johannesburg S.A)

IUCN Red List (2004):- 784 species extinct in last 500 years.

Joint Forest Management (JFM):- 1980's.

1st recombinant DNA:- 1972.

1st restriction endonuclease:- 1963.

1997:-An American company got patent rights on Basmati rice.

1990:- 4 year old girl got ADA deficiency Open / Comment

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2021-11-27 17:38:38 Important One Liners on Electric Charges
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If an object is attracted by another charged body, the first object may be oppositely charged or not charged because we know both an uncharged object and an oppositely charged object are attracted by another charged object.

If an object is positively charged it loses some of its electrons. The mass of an electron is 9.11*10^-31 kg. So, if a positively charged body loses ‘n’ number of electrons, it mass decrease by the amount n*9.11E^-31kg.

Though gold is a costly metal it is used in electroscope because of the property malleability. This means very thin and light sheets can be formed from gold simply by hammering or rolling and hence the deflection of the light gold plates increases.

The divergence of the plates of the Gold-leaf oscilloscope depends only on the presence of a charge, not on the quality of charge i.e. positive or negative. So, if the charge changes from positive to negative and vice versa the degree of divergence of the plates remains the same.

The same charges repel each other. So, they try to maintain maximum distance from each other and hence they try to remain at the outer surface of an object. If the charge remains on the inner surface or throughout the body, they will repel each other with greater force.

The human body is a good conductor and hence the charge produced by friction flew through his body to the ground. We can tackle the problem simply by holding the brass rod with the help of some insulated holder.

If the apparatus is initially in contact with some positively charged body and then comes in contact with another charged body and if the divergence increases we can deduce that the second body is also positively charged. If the divergence decreases then the second body must be negatively charged.

According to electrostatic series, glass is situated above silk. So, if the glass is rubbed with silk, the positive charge on glass and negative charge on silk is produced. Similarly, we can predict what is the nature of charge if we rub two di-electric substances together.

1 Coulomb means 3*10^9 Electro Static Unit of charge. Coulomb and ESU are two different units of charge and their conversion formula is necessary. Coulomb is the unit of charge in the SI system and esu is the unit of charge in the CGS system.

The two spheres are oppositely charged by the same amount. So if they come in contact, both of their charges are neutralized. So they become uncharged and don’t attract or repel each other. Open / Comment

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2021-11-27 15:53:33 Points to be notes
Microbes are useful to human and the environment in many ways:

Household Products

Curd- The bacteria Lactobacillus produces lactic acid that partially coagulates the milk protein. It also increases vitamin B12 content. These bacteria are also present in the gut and check the growth of other microbes

Fermented dough to make South Indian delicacies, e.g. Idli and dosa. The dough is fermented due to CO2 production by bacteria

Bread production by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Toddy is made by fermenting Palm sap

Microbes are used to ferment soybeans, fish and bamboo-shoots to prepare delicacies

Different kinds of cheese having different taste and texture, are prepared using specific microorganisms.

E.g. Swiss cheese having large holes- Propionibacterium shermanii

Roquefort cheese- Penicillium roqueforti

Camembert cheese- Penicillium camemberti Open / Comment

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