Today I Learn

2021-06-11 04:48:41 ​​What is a Nebulizer, and How does it work?

If you have asthma, your doctor may prescribe a nebulizer as treatment or breathing therapy. The device delivers the same types of medication as metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), which are the familiar pocket-sized inhalers. Nebulizers may be easier to use than MDIs, especially for children who aren’t old enough to properly use inhalers, or adults with severe asthma.

A nebulizer turns liquid medicine into a mist to help treat your asthma. They come in electric or battery-run versions. They come in both a portable size you can carry with you and a larger size that’s meant to sit on a table and plug into a wall. Both are made up of a base that holds an air compressor, a small container for liquid medicine, and a tube that connects the air compressor to the medicine container. Above the medicine container is a mouthpiece or mask you used to inhale the mist.

Pressurized air passes through the tube and turns the liquid medicine into a mist. During an asthma attack or a respiratory infection, the mist may be easier to inhale than the spray from a pocket inhaler. When your airways become narrow like during an asthma attack, you can’t take deep breaths. For this reason, a nebulizer is a more effective way to deliver the medication than an inhaler, which requires you to take a deep breath.

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2021-06-11 04:48:36 Open / Comment

2021-06-08 15:50:43 ​​What is a BiPAP Machine and How does it Work?

Bilevel positive airway pressure Machine (BiPAP) is a small ventilator, the size of a tiffin box.

It is used to provide ventilation to patients who are insufficiently breathing.

It is a non-invasive technique of ventilation provided by using either a nasal mask or a face mask.

Breathing is accomplished normally by the movement of the diaphragm, when breathing in the diaphragm moves down, resulting in a drop in pressure in the sacs of the lungs, allowing air to flow in and when breathing out the diaphragm rises increasing the pressure, and pushing the air out.

The BiPAP machine cycles between two levels of continuous positive airway pressure.

This means that the machine pumps air at two different pressures. This is diffrent from a continuous positive airway pressure machine (CPAP) which pumps air at only one pressure level.

The machine works by providing air at a higher pressure to facilitate inhalation and at a lower pressure to facilitate exhalation.

BiPAP Machines are used to treat patients suffering from respiratory failures in diseases such as Pneumonia, Pulmonary Edema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This mode of ventilation in adults has resulted in shorter duration of ventilation, less need for sedation, and fewer complications than intubation and positive pressure ventilation.

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2021-06-08 15:49:57 Open / Comment

2021-06-05 19:44:58 How do flies walk on the ceiling?

Flies can walk upside down! They can do this because of their sticky feet.

A fly has foot pads that are covered in tacky glue.

To unstick their feet so they can walk anywhere, the fly uses tiny foot claws to push or twist themselves away.

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2021-06-04 02:42:57 ​​How Do Chameleons Change Colors?

The outermost layer of the chameleon's skin is transparent. Beneath this are several more layers of skin that contain specialized cells called chromatophores. The chromatophores at each level are filled with sacs of different kinds of pigment. The deepest layer contains melanophores, which are filled with brown melanin (the same pigment that gives human skin its many shades). Atop that layer are cells called iridophores, which have a blue pigment that reflects blue and white light. Layered on top of those cells are the xanthophores and erythrophores, which contain yellow and red pigments, respectively.

Normally, the pigments are locked away inside tiny sacs within the cells. But when a chameleon experiences changes in body temperature or mood, its nervous system tells specific chromatophores to expand or contract. This changes the color of the cell. By varying the activity of the different chromatophores in all the layers of the skin, the chameleon can produce a whole variety of colors and patterns.

For instance, an excited chameleon might turn red by fully expanding all his erythrophores, blocking out the other colors beneath them. A calm chameleon, on the other hand, might turn green by contracting his erythrophores and allowing some of the blue-reflected light from his iridophores to mix with his layer of somewhat contracted yellow xanthophores.

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2021-06-04 02:42:36 Open / Comment

2021-06-02 15:17:07 ​​What is a Solar Storm?

A solar storm is a term used for atmospheric effects felt on Earth from certain events that occur on the Sun.

You probably think of the Sun as a bright shining light that never changes.

In reality, it's an unbelievably huge ball of molten gases that's constantly in flux.

Solar storms occur when the Sun emits huge bursts of energy in the form of solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

These phenomena send a stream of electrical charges and magnetic fields toward the Earth at a speed of about three million miles per hour.

When a solar storm strikes the Earth, it often produces a dazzling “northern lights" display in parts of the atmosphere that can be seen in areas close to the Arctic Circle.

Solar storms can also disrupt satellites and various forms of electronic communications. Solar storms start with a huge explosion on the Sun.

These explosions called solar flares can be about as powerful as billions of nuclear bombs.

Solar flares usually go hand-in-hand with the release of huge streams of charged plasma that travel at millions of miles per hour.

These streams are called coronal mass ejections, or CMEs. When CMEs hit the Earth, they can cause geomagnetic storms that disrupt satellites and electrical power grids.

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2021-06-02 15:17:06 Open / Comment

2021-05-29 04:23:59 ​​What would happen if the Sun disappear?

Light takes roughly eight minutes to reach Earth from the sun. For that reason, if the sun disappeared, we'd still see it in the sky for another eight minutes. But what about gravity? The sun is the anchor point of the solar system at 333,000 times the mass of Earth, it exerts a hefty pull that keeps the planets locked in their orbits. If all that gravitational force disappeared, it would still take us eight minutes to feel it. That's because, according to Einstein's theory of relativity, gravity travels at the same speed as light.

After that, though, Earth still wouldn't be snuffed out. Electricity would still work, and it would still take up to an hour for the light from our planets to be reflected back to Earth, so there would be a peaceful glow in the sky. With no sunlight, photosynthesis would stop, but that would only kill some of the plants there are some larger trees that can survive for decades without it.

Within a few days, however, the temperatures would begin to drop, and any humans left on the planet's surface would die soon after. Within two months, the ocean's surface would freeze over, but it would take another thousand years for our seas to freeze solid. By then, however, the atmosphere would collapse, radiation would seep in, and Earth would be an inhospitable wasteland drifting aimlessly through space. Lucky for you, the sun is showing no signs of disappearing any time soon. Open / Comment