Upsc Environment

2022-02-12 15:30:50 Taiga or Boreal Biome

Boreal forest soils are characterized by thin podzols and are rather poor. This is because:

The weathering of rocks proceeds slowly in cold environments

the litter derived from conifer needle (leaf) is decomposed very slowly and is not rich in nutrients (humus content is low).

conifers do not shed their leaves frequently.

The predominant vegetation is an evergreen coniferous forest with species such as spruce, fir and pine.

The conifers require little moisture are best suited to this type of sub-Arctic climate.

The productivity of boreal forest is lower than those of any other forest ecosystem.

Animals found in this region include Siberian tiger, wolverine, lynx, wolf, bear, red fox, squirrel, and amphibians like Hyla, Rana, etc Open / Comment

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2022-02-10 17:33:02 Winterkill

An ice layer on the top of a water body can effectively cut off light. Photosynthesis stops but respiration continues in such water body.

If the water body is shallow, the oxygen gets depleted, and the fish die. This condition is known as winterkill. Open / Comment

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2022-02-09 17:34:57 Dissolved oxygen

In freshwater the average concentration of dissolved oxygen is 10 parts per million by weight.

This is 150 times lower than the concentration of oxygen in an equivalent volume of air.

Oxygen enters the aquatic ecosystem through the air-water interface and by the photosynthetic activities of aquatic plants.

Dissolved oxygen escapes the water body through the air-water interface and respiration of organisms (fish, decomposers, zooplankton, etc.).

The amount of dissolved oxygen retained in water is also influenced by temperature.

Oxygen is less soluble in warm water. Warm water also enhances decomposer activity. Therefore, increasing the temperature of a water body increases the rate at which oxygen is depleted from the water.

When the dissolved oxygen level falls below 3-5 ppm, many aquatic organisms are likely to die. Open / Comment

2022-02-08 08:00:20 Photic zone

Photic (or “euphotic”) zone is the portion that extends from the lake surface down to where the light level is 1% of that at the surface. The depth of this zone depends on the transparency of water.

Photosynthetic activity is confined to the photic zone.

Both photosynthesis and respiration activity takes place.

Aphotic zone

The lower layers of the aquatic ecosystems, where light penetration and plant growth are restricted forms the aphotic zone (profundal zone). Only respiration activity takes place in this zone.

The aphotic zone extends from the end of the photic zones to bottom of the lake. Open / Comment

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