Upsc Environment

2022-01-08 17:38:01

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2022-01-08 14:50:42 RENEWABLE ENERGY


Renewable energy, often referred to as clean energy, comes from natural sources or processes that are constantly replenished. For example, sunlight or wind keep shining and blowing, even if their availability depends on time and weather.

Types of Renewable Energy Sources

The most common renewable power technologies include:

Wind

This takes advantage of wind motion to generate electricity. Wind motion is brought about by the heat from the sun, and rotation of the earth, mainly via the Coriolis Effect.

 Solar

It taps heat from the sun to produce energy for the generation of electricity, heating, lighting homes and commercial buildings.

Hydropower

Utilizes moving water to produce electricity. Moving water creates high energy that can be harnessed and turned into power.

Biomass

Organic matter that constitutes plants is referred to as biomass, which can be utilized to generate electricity, chemicals or fuels to power vehicles.

Ocean

Takes advantage of rising and falling of tides to generate electricity

Geothermal

Leverages heat from underneath the earth to generate electricity. Open / Comment

2022-01-08 13:30:39 IAS Mentorship

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2022-01-08 09:34:22 Kyoto Protocol:

Kyoto Protocols was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11th December 1997 and came to force on 16th February 2005

Its signatories are committed towards the achievement of emission reduction targets.

COP 7 held in Morocco in 2001 saw the adoption of the detailed rules for the implementation of the protocol. These are referred to as “Marrakesh Accords”.

This protocol holds the developed countries accountable for the current high levels of GHG emissions into the atmosphere due to their role in the industrial revolution.

Kyoto Mechanism, also known as Flexible Mechanism, is defined under the Kyoto Protocol to lower the overall cost of achieving the emission targets. It includes Emission Trading, the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation.

In December 2012, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was adopted. The changes made include:

New commitments were made by Annex I Parties (developed nations and Economies in Transition) to be implemented between the period of 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2020.

A revised list of GHG that is to be reported by the Parties during the second commitment period

Amendments were made to update several articles of the Kyoto Protocol to be on par with the second commitment period.

The Kyoto Protocol is a significant step towards the reduction of global emission regime that will allow the stabilisation of GHG emissions. Open / Comment

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2022-01-07 19:33:24 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):

It came to force on 21st March 1994.

The 195 countries that have ratified it are called the Parties to the Convention.

The UNFCC is a Rio Convention, one of the three adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The others include the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Convention to Combat Desertification.

The Joint Liaison Group was established to ensure cooperation among the three Conventions.

Currently, it also consists of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands.

The ultimate aim of the Convention is to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentration “at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”.

It also aims to achieve the said level within a specific period so that the ecosystem is allowed to adapt naturally to climate change while also ensuring food security and sustainable economic development.

Following its establishment, the COP1 (first Conference of Parties) was held in Berlin, COP2 was held in Geneva and the COP3 was held in Kyoto to adopt the “Kyoto Protocol” that ensures the implementation of the UNFCCC’s objective. Open / Comment

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