UPSC POLITY NOTES

2021-06-23 17:30:02 ELEPHANTINE SIZE

Critics stated that the Indian Constitution is too bulky and too detailed and contains some unnecessary elements.

Ivor Jennings observed that the Provisions borrowed were not always well - selected and that the constitution, generally speaking was too long and complicated. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 INDIAN COUNCIL ACT OF 1861.

It made a beginning of Representative institutions by assosiating Indian with law - making Process.

Viceroy Canning nominated three Indians to the legislative council - The Raja of Benaras, Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar rao.

It initiated the process of Decentralisation by restoring the legislative Powers to the Bombay and Madras presidency.

It also provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, NWFP and Punjab.

It also gave a recognition to the Portfolio system, introduced by Canning. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT OF 1858.

India will now be governed by, and in the name of, Her Majesty.

Designation of Governor General of India will now be changed to that of Viceroy of India.

It ended the system of Double government by abolishing the Board of Control and Court of Directors.

Created a new office, Sectetary of State for India, vested with complete authority and control over Administration.

It established a 15 - member council of india to assist the secretary of state of India.

It constituted the secretary of state in council as a body corporate, capable of suing and being sued in India. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 CHARTER ACT OF 1853.

Seperated Legislative and Executive functions of Governor-General's council.

It provided for Addition of Six new members to the Council.

It introduced open Competition for Selection and recruitment of Civil servants.

Extended Company's rule of Indian possession on behalf of British Govt. But did not specify any particular period.

It introduced Local representation in Indian (central) Legislative Council.

Of 6 new members 4 members appointed by Local Governments of Madras, Bombay, Bengal, and Agra. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 CHARTER ACT 1833

It made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor- General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers.

It deprived the Governor of Bombay and Madras of their legislative powers.

It ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, which became a purely administrative
body.

The Charter Act of 1833 attempted to introduce a system of open competition for selection of civil servants and stated that the Indians should not be debarred from holding any place, office and employment under the Company. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 CHARTER ACT 1813.

Company's trade monopoly abolished except its monopoly over trade in Tea and Trade with china.

It's asserted Crown's Sovereignty over Company.

Christian missionaries allowed in India.

Spread of Western education allowed.

Local Govt. can now impose Taxes on Persons. Can also punish for not paying Taxes. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 AMENDING ACT 1781.

This act was passed to rectify the defects of Regulating act of 1773.

It exempted Governor-General and the council from the jurisdiction of Supreme court.

It excluded the Revenue matters from the Jurisdiction of Supreme court.

It provided that Supreme court will Have jurisdiction all over Calcutta.

Appeals from Provincial court could be taken to Governor-General-in-council and not to Supreme court.

Governor general now empowered to frame regulations for Provincial courts and council. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 19:49:53 REGULATING ACT 1773.

Governor of Bengal will now be Governor-General of Bengal.

Created an Executive Council of 4 members to assist him.

First Governor General was Warren Hastings.

Establishment of Supreme court in Calcutta. Comprising 1 CJI and 3 other Judges.

Prohibited the Servants from engaging in any Private Trades and taking Bribes from Natives.

Court of Directors will report about the functioning of EIC to Government. Open / Comment