2019-03-15 17:41:16
1- Driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
A) active transport-- energy requiring
B) facilitated transport
C) drug concentration gradient
*C.
2- Renal excretion factor most likely to be sensitive to drug ionization state:
A) glomerular filtration
B) passive tubular reabsorption
* B
3-Drug(s) which exhibit(s) a high hepatic" first-pass" effect:
A) lidocaine
B) propranolol
C) both
D) neither
*C
4- (multiple answer)For high extraction-ratio drugs, patient to patient bioavailability may vary due to differences in:
A) hepatic function
B) blood flow
C) the presence of hepatic disease.
*A,B,C.
5-(multiple answer)Factors associated with drug absorption that can result in incomplete absorption:
A) drug metabolism by gastrointestinal flora
B) drug hydrophilicity (opposite of lipophilicity)
C) drug instability in gastric acid
D) presence of food in the GI tract
E) drug-drug interactions.
A,B,C,D,E
6- (multiple answer) Pharmacokinetic advantages associated with transdermal drug delivery:
A) relatively constant, sustained therapeutic plasma drug concentrations
B) commonly low side-effect incidence
C) good patient compliance
*A,B,C
7- (multiple answer)Roots of administration that avoid "first-pass" hepatic effects:
A) sublingual
B) oral
C) transdermal
D) lower rectal suppositories
E) inhalation
*all except B
8- (multiple answer)Concerning "first pass" elimination:
A) drug is first transported across the gut wall into the portal circulation
B) drug metabolism may occur in the intestinal wall
C) sometimes extensive drug metabolism may occur in the liver
D) the liver may excrete drug into the bile
E) first-pass effects may reduce drug bioavailability.
* A,B,C,D,E.
9-(multiple answer)Factor which effect a drug's volume of distribution:
A) patient's gender.
B) patien'ts age.
C) presence of disease
D) drug pKa.
E) extent of drug-plasma protein binding.
*A,B,C,D,E .
the disttribution of a drug btw its ionized and non ionizad forms depend on pH and PKa of the drug .
10- Two most important sites for drug elimination:
A) pulmonary and liver
B) liver and gastrointestinal tract
C) kidney and liver
D) skin and liver
E) pulmonary and kidney.
*C .
11- (multiple answer)Characteristics of renal drug excretion:
A) nearly all drugs are filtered at the glomerulus
B) drugs which are weak acids are excreted faster in acidic urinary pH
C) drugs which are weak base is our excreted faster in alkaline urinary pH
D) body fluids where pH differences from blood pH may favor on and trapping include breast milk and aqueous humor (eye).
*A and D.
12-(Multiple Answer) Factors that could change intrinsic hepatic clearance include:
A) hepatic blood flow
B) induction state of hepatic enzymes
C) hepatic disease.
* All.
13- Hepatic flow-dependent drug elimination refers to:
A) changes in plasma protein concentration
B) rate-limiting step is drug delivery to hepatic elimination sites
C) number of functional hepatocytes
D) carrier saturation
E) drug transfer rates across hepatic cell membrane.
*B.
14- Characteristic of a drug whose action is terminate by redistribution include:
A) generally long-acting
B) usually a hydrophilic (not very lipid-soluble) drug
C) eventually concentrates usually in adipose (fat) tissue
D) tends to partition slowly into organs such as the brain, even though the brain receives a significant fraction of the cardiac output.
*B.
15- Cytochrome P450 induction (increased, amount of P450 enzyme protein) is often associated with:
A) increased enzyme synthesis rates
B) reduced enzyme degradation rates
C) both
D) neither.
*C
16- Microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes are typically associated with:
A) rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
*B
17- Examples of "high-extraction" drugs -- related to hepatic drug clearance:
A) morphine
B) meperidine
C) verapamil
D) diltiazem
E) all the above.
*All
18-(multiple answer) concerning influence of age on drug responses: variation in response usually due to:
A)reduced cardiac
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