Agriculture Exams Library

2021-04-28 07:36:31 Agriculture Exams Library ✪ pinned Deleted message Open / Comment

2021-04-28 07:04:40 Methods_of_pruning

1. Thinning out:
When a shoot is removed entirely from the inception (from the point of origin) so that, no new shoot arises from that place, it is referred as thinning out.
This thinning is practiced in the removal of shoots arising in unwanted places, water
shoots etc.

2. Trimming:
Cutting the growth of the twigs to a pre-determined level as in the case of fence, hedge and edge.

3. Heading back:
When the branches grow tall and vigorously without producing flowers, these shoots are headed back. When a branch is cut almost to the base,
leaving a few inches of stump, carrying few buds, it is referred as Heading Back.

These buds left on the stump will give rise to shoots which are important to the tree either being spur bearers or bearing flower buds or filling up of gaps in the tree or
forming vegetative wood from which flowers may arise in the following year.

The shoot from the bud nearest to the cut takes the place of the pruned shoot.

4. Pollarding: Mere cutting back of the shoots, indiscriminately to reduce the height of the tree is Pollarding.

5. Pinching (tipping): Removal of the tip of the shoot to stop its indeterminate growth or to encourage the growth of the lateral buds is pinching or tipping. This is
practiced in marigold and chillies at the time of transplanting.

6. Disbudding (nipping or rubbing): Nipping or rubbing of young buds preventing a
chance of their sprouting is disbudding. When the buds arise in wrong places they are rubbed off. Similarly sprouts (Buds) on root stocks are disbudded.

7. De-blossoming: Removal of surplus flowers to enable the tree to produce crops regularly year after year is called deblossoming.This is practiced in alternate bearers
like mango. apple etc.

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2021-04-27 18:48:03 Food Management
#Economic_Survey

Strategic reserves of 5 million tons of food grains over the existing buffer norms have been maintained to be used in extreme situations.

Sale of wheat and rice is undertaken through Open Market Sale Scheme (OMSS) (Domestic) to check inflationary trend of food in market.

Allocation of Foodgrains
7.47 During the Financial Year 2020-21, allocation of foodgrains has been done through two channels

1. National Food Security Act (NFSA)- is being implemented in all the 36 States/ UTs.

2. Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY) scheme- for additional allocation of foodgrains from the Central Pool at the rate of 5 kg per person per month free of cost for all the beneficiaries covered
under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) (AAY & PHH).
One Nation One Ration Card

The Department of Food & Public Distribution in collaboration with all
States/UTs is implementing a central sector scheme namely “Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS)” the validity of which is extended up to 31.03.2022.

The main objective of the scheme is to introduce nation-wide portability of ration card under National Food Security Act (NFSA)
Food Subsidy.

The difference between the per quintal economic cost and the per
quintal Central Issue Price (CIP) gives the quantum of per quintal food subsidy.

The CIP of wheat and rice for NFSA beneficiaries has not been revised since the introduction of the Act in 2013 from Rs. 200 per quintal in case of wheat and Rs. 300 per quintal in case of rice. (economic cost of wheat for FCI operations- Rs. 2683.84 per quintal in 2020-21 and economic cost of rice- Rs.
3723.76 per quintal in 2020-21)
Storage.

The total storage capacity available with FCI and state agencies for storage of foodgrains as on 31.12.2020 was 819.19 LMT, comprising covered godowns of 669.10 LMT and Covered and Plinth (CAP) facilities of 150.09 LMT.

Out of the total available storage capacity of 819.19 LMT, FCI has a capacity of 407.76 LMT while state agencies have a capacity of 411.43 LMT.

Central Warehousing Corporation
CWC is operating 423 warehouses throughout the country with a total
operational storage capacity of around 117 lakh MT.

Other imp points
The delays due to APMC regulations result in large post-harvest losses to the
tune of 4-6% in cereals and pulses, 7-12% in vegetables and 6-18% in
fruits.
Total post-harvest losses were estimated at Rs. 44,000 crores at 2009 wholesale prices.

The Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement of Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020-

The farmers will have full power in the contract to fix a sale price of their choice for the produce.

They will receive payment within a maximum of 3 days.

As part of this law, 10000 Farmer Producer Organizations are being formed throughout the country.

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2021-04-27 17:11:28 TODAY 3 New topics added to your FCI course

AGRICULTURE
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY -1
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY -2 (IMPORTANT POINTS ADDED)

BIOTECHNOLOGY
MICROBES HARMFUL AND BENEFICIAL

Total FCI 50 PDF Lectures Has Been Added Till Now
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2021-04-27 16:35:14 #Animal_Husbandry
#Nabard #Afo

Naked neck is? - *Indian chicken breed*

Which breed is for game purpose? - *Aseel*

What is the body temperature of hen? - *107°F*

Calving interval in cows should not be more than? - *16-17 months*

Which medicine is used for naval treatment? - *Tincture Iodine*

Inbreeding or line breeding decreases? - *Variation*

Crossbreeding increases? - *Production Hybrid vigour Body weight*

Mating among unrelated pure breed animals within the breed is called? - *Out crossing*

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Starter feed contains maximum of? - *Protein*

Most dangerous disease of chicken is? - *Ranikhet*

Which disease spread through virus in cattle is? - *Foot and Mouth disease*

Anthrax is caused by? - *Bacteria*

Severe bloat is removed by tools? - *Trocar cannula*

Which is the best method of milking? - *Full hand method*

What is the boiling point of milk (in Celsius) is? - >100

Which factors affects the composition of milk is? - *Species, Breeds Feeds*

Which harmon helps in let down of milk? - *Oxytocin*

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2021-04-27 06:30:07 #Drought_Classification

1. Based on duration

(a) Permanent drought - This is characteristic of the desert climate where sparse vegetation grow-ing is adapted to drought and agriculture is possible only by irrigation during entire crop season.

(b) Seasonal drought - This is found in climates with well-defined rainy and dry seasons. Most of the arid and semiarid zones fall in this category. Duration of the crop varieties and planting dates
should be such that the growing season should fall within rainy season.

(c) Contingent drought - This involves an abnormal failure of rainfall. It may occur almost any-
where especially in most parts of humid or sub humid climates. It is usually brief, irregular and generally affects only a small area.

(d) Invisible drought - This can occur even when there is frequent rain in an area. When rainfall is
inadequate to meet the evapotranspiration losses, the result is borderline water deficiency in soil
resulting in less than the optimum yield. This occurs usually in humid regions.

2. Based on nature of the users (NCA, 1976)

(a) Meteorological drought - It is defined as a condition, where the annual precipitation is less than
the normal over an area for prolonged period (month, season or year).

(b) Atmospheric drought - It is due to low air humidity, frequently accompanied by hot dry winds.
It may occur even under conditions of adequate available soil moisture. It refers to a condition .

when plants show wilting symptoms during the hot part of the day, when transpiration exceeds absorption temporarily for a short period. When decreases, absorption keeps pace with transpi-ration and plants revive (mid day wilt).

(c) Hydrological drought - Meteorological drought, when prolonged results in hydrological drought with depletion of surface water and consequent drying of reservoirs, tanks etc. It results in
deficiency of water for all sectors using water. This is based on water balance and how it affects irrigation as a whole for bringing crops to maturity.

(d) Agricultural drought - It is the result of soil moisture stress due to imbalance between available soil moisture and evapotranspiration of a crop. It is usually gradual and progressive. Plants can therefore, adjust at least partly, to the increased soil moisture stress. This situation arises as a consequence of scanty precipitation or its uneven distribution both in space and time. It is also usually referred as soil drought

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2021-04-26 19:08:23 #Interest_subvention Open / Comment

2021-04-26 12:37:04 GENETIC ENGINEERING LECTURE FOR FCI EXAM

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2021-04-26 12:36:45 Dry Farming Agriculture

Dry Land Farming Constitutes 42 % Of Total Food Grain Production.

1) Dry Farming Cultivation Of Crops In Areas Where Annual Rainfall Is Less Than 750 mm.

Dry Farming Is Practised In Arid Regions With The Help Of Soil Conservation Practices.

2) Dryland Farming
Cultivation Of Crops In Areas Where Annual Rainfall Is More Than 750 mm But Less Than 1150 Mm Is Called Dry Land Farming.

Dryland Farming Practice Is Mainly In Semi-Arid Regions And Measures Are Taken To Conserve Soil Moisture

3) Rainfed Farming
Means Cultivation Of Crops In Areas Where Annual Rainfall Is More Than 1150 mm

Practised In Humid And Sub Humid Regions. Open / Comment