Agriculture Exams Library

2021-04-26 06:26:39 Plant Hormones

These are chemical compounds released by stimulated cells. These chemical compounds help in growth and development of plants.

When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesised at the shoot tip, helps the cells to grow longer. When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot.

This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from light. Thus, the plant appears to bend towards light.

Another example of plant. hormones is gibberellins which, like auxins, help in the growth of the stem.

Cytokinins promote cell division, and it is natural then that they are present in greater concentration in areas of rapid cell division, such as in fruits and seeds. These are examples of plant hormones that help in promoting growth. But plants also need signals to stop growing.

Abscisic acid is one example of a hormone which inhibits growth. Its effects include wilting of leaves. Open / Comment

2021-04-25 17:31:48 HORTICULTURE

Pomology: The term Pomology is derived from the Latin word ‘pomum’ meaning ‘fruits’ and the Greek term ‘logy’ meaning Science. Thus, pomology is the science of production of fruit crops. OR The science of growing fruit crops.

(a) Tree fruits: Fruits are produced on tree e.g. Mango, Chiku, Citrus etc.

(b) Small fruits: Fruits are produced on shrubs or vines e.g. Phalsa, Raspberry, Mulberry, Grapes, Gooseberry, Strawberry

Olericulture: The term Olericulture is originated from Latin word ‘oleris’ meaning pot herb and the English word culture meaning raising of plants. Thus, olericulture is the science of vegetable crops. OR The cultivation of vegetable crops. e.g. brinjal, tomato, potato, radish, carrot, chilli, bottle gourd.

Floriculture: It is a science of cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants for commercial purposes or merely for getting pleasure and as a hobby.

Landscape gardening: It is a science of designing and laying out home gardens, public gardens, parks, road side plantation, avenues etc.
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Preservation of fruit and vegetables: It is a science of canning of fruits and vegetables. e.g. fruit juice, jam, marmalade, candy, dehydration etc.

Silviculture: Cultivation and management of forest tree e.g. teak wood, neem, ficus, eucalyptus etc.

Plantation crops: Cultivation of tea, coffee, coconut, arecanut, rubber, oil palm etc.

Spices and condiments: Cultivation of crops which products are used as adjunct in food for flavor, aroma and taste. e.g cardamom, clove, nutmeg, coriander, cumin etc.

Aromatic and medicinal plants: cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants like gugal, aonla, beheda, harde, lucorice, lemon grass etc.

Sericulture: Deals with rearing of silkworm and production of silk.

Apiculture: Bee keeping rearing for honey production.

Mushroom production: Production of different edible species of mushroom like Agaricus bisporus (button), pleurotus sp. (oyster), Calocybe indica (Milky), Volvariella volvacea (paddy straw)

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2021-04-25 14:09:29 TODAY 3 New topics added to your FCI course

AGRICULTURE
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY -1
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY -2 (IMPORTANT POINTS ADDED)

BIOTECHNOLOGY
MICROBES HARMFUL AND BENEFICIAL

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2021-04-25 13:48:24 Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)

Out of about 141 m.Ha of net area sown in the country, about 65 million hectare (or 45%) is presently covered under Agrimantra irrigation. 

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) is to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country, to produce ‘per drop more crop’.

#Objectives :-
Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani).

Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.

Improve on - farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and extent.

#Implementations:-

Krishi Sinchayee Yojana with an outlay of Rs.50,000 crores for a period of 5 years (2015-16 to 2019-20) is to achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level.

PMKSY has been formulated amalgamating ongoing schemes viz. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) of Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation; Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) of Department of Land Resources; and On Farm Water Management (OFWM) component of National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

Provision has been made under PMKSY during 2015-16 for carrying out extension activities in the field with special focus on water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

#Components

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)

To focus on faster completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including National Projects.

PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani) 

Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water)Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies; strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources, construction rain water harvesting structures (Jal Sanchay).

PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop)

Programme management, preparation of State/District Irrigation Plan, approval of annual action plan, Monitoring etc.

Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain - guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan).

PMKSY (Watershed Development)

Effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities such as ridge area treatment, drainage line 5 treatment, rain water harvesting, in - situ moisture conservation and other allied activities o n watershed basis.

Converging with MGNREGS for creation of water source to full potential in identified backward rainfed blocks including renovation of traditional water bodies.

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2021-04-25 08:51:09 #DAILY_DOSE #NABARD #AFO #GENERAL_AGRICULTURE

In which state maximum production of sunflower? Karnataka

Which chemical used for De-fuzzing of cotton? H2SO4
Valuable part of sugar-beet is? Roots
“Pusa Ruby” is a famous variety of? Tomato
Which “soil group” largest area in India? Alluvial
Which is shortest phase of Mitosis? Anaphase
Scientific name of Isabgol? Plantago ovata

Fertilizer ratio for cereals? 4:2:1

Fertilizer ratio for pulse? 1:2:1

Tetrazolium test used for? Seed viability

Purple blotch is a problem of? Onion

Tomato cracking due to deficiency of? Boron

Indian Institute of vegetable research in situated at? Varanasi

“White bud” of maize is due to?
Zinc deficiency

“Hollow heart” of sugar beet is due to?Boron deficiency

Sardaar (Lucknow 49) is a famous variety of?Guava
Which is dwarf variety of mango? Amrapali
Cultivation of Woody plant for decoration and shade? Arboriculture

Which is explosive nature fertilizer Ammonium? Nitrate

Common method of Ber propagation?T- budding

Indian Institute of horticulture research is located at? Bangalore

Complementary interaction between two inter-crop is known as? Annidation

The main site for the dark reaction photosynthesis? Stroma

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2021-04-25 08:23:40 Agriculture Exams Library ✪ pinned « Radioactivity The process of emission of particles from nuclei because of the nuclear instability; is known as radioactivity. The substance that releases such energy/rays is known as radioactive substance. The invisible rays released from…» Open / Comment

2021-04-25 06:12:28 Radioactivity

The process of emission of particles from nuclei because of the nuclear instability; is known as radioactivity.
The substance that releases such energy/rays is known as radioactive substance.
The invisible rays released from such radioactive substance are known as radioactive rays.
Likewise, radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon that happens (naturally) because of the nuclear instability of atoms.
In 1896 Henri Becquerel first observed the phenomena of radioactivity, but the term ‘radioactivity’ was coined by Marie Curie.
Marie Curie discovered the radioactive elements namely Polonium and Radium in 1898.
For her discovery, Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize.


Radioactive Rays
After long years of experiment, Ernest Rutherford along with his colleague (Hans Geiger and his student Ernest Marsden), discovered alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays.
These rays emitted as the result of the disintegration of atoms.


Alpha (α) Particles
Alpha particles are usually composed of two protons and two neutrons, which are tightly bound together.
Alpha particles are being released during radioactive decay (or alpha decay) from the nucleus radio nuclides.
The alpha particles are identical to the nucleus of either normal helium atom or doubly ionized helium atom.
In comparison to other particles (i.e. Gamma and Beta), alpha particles are heavy and slow. Therefore, alpha particles have very small range in the air.
Because of slow speed, Alpha particles have very weak penetrating powers; these particles are even stopped by a thin paper sheet (see image given above).
Because of having the double positive charge, alpha particles are highly ionizing.

Beta (β) Particles
Beta particles are the fast moving electrons emitted by some radio nuclides during the radioactive decay (also known as beta decay).
Beta particles are of much lighter weight and carry a single negative charge.
Beta particles are rarely ionizing than the alpha particles.
Because of having lighter weight, beta particles can travel much farther than alpha particles; however, beta particles can be stopped by several sheet of papers or one sheet of aluminum.
Beta particles are negatively charged and get attracted towards positively charged particles.

Gamma (ү) Particles
Gamma particles are the bundle of high energy namely electromagnetic energy (photon) emitted by the radioactive elements during the radioactive decay.
Among all three particles (alpha, beta, and gamma), gamma particles are the most energetic photons.
Gamma particles, which are the form of electromagnetic radiation(EMR), originate from the nucleus.
The wavelengths of gamma are the shortest among all three.
Gamma particles have no charge and they are neutral; therefore, they are unaffected by magnetic and electric fields.

Uses of Radioactive Elements
Medical field (treatment of many diseases)
Industrial process
Energy production – Nuclear reactors.


5 Chemistry Lectures added in your FCI Account

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2021-04-24 17:18:36 #Deficiency_Symptoms

NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN PLANT

Whiptail of cauliflower- Mo

Scald of leaves- Mo

Yellow spots in citrus-Mo

Grey speck of oats- Mn

Marsh spot of peas- Mn

Phala blight of sugarcane-Mn

Little leaf of citrus- Cu

Dieback of citrus-Cu

Heart rot of sugarbeet& marigold-Boron

Top sickness of tobacco-boron

Internal necrosis in mango- boron

Brown heart of turnip-boron

Fruit cracking of tomato and pomegranate-boron

Crown choking in coconut-boron

White bud of maize-Zn

Khaira disease of rice-Zn

Leaf bronzing in litchi-Zn

Little leaf of mango,litchi, cashew-Zn

Jonathan spot of apple-water

Bitter pit of apple-excess of chloride ions in water

Buttoning in cauliflower-N

Black heart of potato-oxygen

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2021-04-24 15:35:44 Agriculture Exams Library ✪ pinned a photo Open / Comment

2021-04-24 15:35:36 TODAY 3 New topics added to your FCI course

AGRICULTURE
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY -1
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE MICROBIOLOGY -2 (IMPORTANT POINTS ADDED)

BIOTECHNOLOGY
MICROBES HARMFUL AND BENEFICIAL

Total FCI 50 PDF Lectures Has Been Added Till Now
Click here For FCI COURSE https://www.agricultureexamslibrary.in/learn/FCI-Technical-AGM

FCI DEMO LINK
Have a look at our FCI demo PDF'S By clicking HERE -Google drive
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