CSE MAINS BOOSTER

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Thanks for your support in advance Open / Comment

2022-05-01 20:13:53 Way Forward

Balancing safety and costs: Policy makers, developers must pay heed to factors such as skill level of
labour, budget and deadlines, mitigation measures for foreseen risks and natural hazards,
environmentally friendly solutions including the use of local material vs production of alternative
sustainable material, etc. while arriving at the cost implications of the planned projects.

Standardized business models for the different realms of buyers: Establish clarity on the layers of target customers within the society for whom the homes are being designed and developed.

Financing

Remeasuring affordability region-wise, and bringing down the financial threshold via incremental
financing, rental solutions, etc. must be looked into

Effective financing through micro mortgages by utilising the reach of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) would
ensure housing finance is available to large sections of LIG and EWS populations.

Tapping into resource pools through the option of convergence with ongoing Central and State
Government schemes.

Strong Value Proposition: Producing affordable homes should involve factoring liveability parameters such as Location (access to job, schools, healthcare, etc.), connectivity and basic infrastructure such as water supply, electricity and sanitation facilities.

The right building material and technique of construction should be chosen for the sector

Long term sustainability mechanisms must be in place such as Setting up of Resident Welfare
Association, periodic audit etc.

https://t.me/csemainsbooster Open / Comment

2022-05-01 20:13:52 Government of India Initiatives & Interventions

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY- 2015): To address the shortcomings of the erstwhile programs and to evolve an all-encompassing scheme.

External Commercial Borrowing (ECB) has been allowed for affordable housing projects from 2012 to enable lower interest cost for developers.

Opening up of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for development of townships, housing, built-up
infrastructure and construction-development.

The Credit Risk Guarantee Fund with a corpus of Rs 1200 Cr in collaboration with NHB was set up (2012) to facilitate credit availability to low income customers without any collateral.

Tax free bonds are issued by HUDCO and NHB to ensure lower cost of borrowing by them and in turn reduce their onward lending costs.

Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA): It will infuse fresh buyer interest in the sector via facilitating joint development agreements with revenue share, increased land transactions with distressed asset owners selling land parcels to larger developers, timely delivery of
projects, etc.

Efforts in increasing the ease of doing business
especially in obtaining construction permits in urban
areas has been stepped up.

6 Public Private Partnership options developed for development of Affordable housing on Government land.

https://t.me/csemainsbooster Open / Comment

2022-05-01 20:13:51 Critical Issues & Challenges

Improper selection of land parcels for AH projects: High prices and lack of availability of
land within city limits is discouraging developer driven projects. Also, lack of
employment opportunities in the vicinity discourages people from staying in these
units.

Lengthy statutory clearance &
approval processes: It takes over
2 years to obtain all the 20-30
required approvals through
multiple authorities which
increase the gestation period
and project cost.

Shortcomings in development
norms, planning* & project
design: such as Incongruence
between the affordable housing
policies of Central and State
governments creating hurdles in
availing the benefits, insufficient
action in providing social and
external connectivity infrastructure by the concerned authority etc.

Challenges in Beneficiary selection: Lack of a beneficiary database to facilitate AH developers to identify their target customers.

Capacity constraints such as Inadequate capacity of implementing agencies and lack of mainstreaming
of low cost technologies to achieve economies of scale.

Lack of participation of large organised real estate players due to low profit margins and high
sensitivities to changes in input cost, project delays etc.

High cost of construction finance due to lack of suitable credit enhancing financial products for
developers as well as lack of a suitable mechanism or funds for maintenance.

https://t.me/csemainsbooster Open / Comment

2022-05-01 20:13:51 #Economy

AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN INDIA

According to the GoI, Affordable housing (AH) refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability criterion, which could be income level of the family, size of the dwelling unit or affordability in terms of EMI size or ratio of house price to annual income.

Significance

The cities of India are under immense pressure and struggling to accommodate the ever-growing
migrant population.

Exponential urbanization and increase in slum settlements, lack of basic services, limited access to
quality healthcare and education are leading to decrease in the quality of life of the migrants.

The Ministry of Housing estimated a housing
shortage of 18.78 mn houses during the 12th plan period, with 99% in the economically weaker section (EWS) and lower income
groups (LIG).

The country’s total urban housing shortage is projected to be about 30 mn by 2022. This
ever increasing gap between demand and supply in the affordable housing is forcing
people to live in slums and informal
settlements.

A thrust on Affordable Housing will not only lead to better quality of life, but also significantly provide a boost to the GDP of the
country.

https://t.me/csemainsbooster Open / Comment

2022-05-01 16:47:26 Geography Mapping For Prelims 2022

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2022-04-28 20:18:07 Reasons for rise in global protests

Socioeconomic issue: These include tax hikes in
Greece, austerity policies in the United Kingdom,
indigenous rights in Chile, subsidy cuts in Nigeria, wage issues in South Africa, the cost of living and
housing prices in Israel, and gender-based violence in India.

Corruption: corruption trigger is often set off by a specific revelation about the actions of
particular politicians but then quickly cascades into a much broader wave of revulsion toward the whole governing system.

Political factor: In a number of cases, specific political issues served as triggers bringing out
protesters angry about the broader climate of repression and corruption. Example, protest in
Hongkong.

New communication technologies and media
platforms: They enables movements in different countries to learn from and engage with each other.

The leaderless pro-democracy protest movement in Thailand is connected to groups guiding similar efforts in Hong Kong.

Growth of civil society organizations around the globe in the past two to three decades, especially in those parts of the developing and former Communist worlds where civil society was previously so weak.

https://t.me/csemainsbooster Open / Comment

2022-04-28 20:18:07 #GS2 #Polity

RIGHT TO PROTEST

About right to protest

A protest is an individual or an aggregate’s voice to express dissent or opposition against government
inaction or encroachment of rights. It is an act of expressing freedom or the lack of it through art, speech
and culture.

In terms of international law, the rights to freedom of
association, peaceful assembly and expression are
recognised in various treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Every person has the inalienable right – a right that
cannot be taken away – to take part in a protest, provided that it is peaceful.

The right to protest peacefully is enshrined in the Indian
Constitution—Article 19(1)(a) guarantees the freedom
of speech and expression. It includes Right to Demonstration or Picketing but not right to strike.
Article 19(1)(b) assures citizens the right to assemble peaceably and without arms.

In the case of Ramlila Maidan Incident v. Home Secretary, Union of India & Ors., the Supreme Court
had stated, “Citizens have a fundamental right to assembly and peaceful protest which cannot be
taken away by an arbitrary executive or legislative action.”

https://t.me/csemainsbooster Open / Comment

2022-04-28 19:02:12 Static Covered From Standard Geography Books...... Open / Comment

2022-04-28 17:49:59 Geography Mapping For Prelims 2022

World Complete Static Mapping

India Complete Static Mapping

18 Months Mapping Current Affairs

"Giving NCERT Geography Questions With Detail Explanations Free"

!! Fees Only ₹149!!

Payment Link :

https://imjo.in/F6CAef

For Any Query Message @KBsAdmin Open / Comment