NEET PG/NEXT (MCQs)

2021-08-12 18:00:03 Explanation

Meningitis is the commonest intracranial complication of otitis media

In infants and children, otogenic meningitis usually follows acute otitis media while in adults, it is due to chronic middle ear infection

Most common organisms in infants and children are Streptococcus pneumonia(30%), H. infulenza (20%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (12%).

Streptococcus pneumoniae is also the most common cause of pyogenic meningitis in adults. Open / Comment

2021-08-11 18:00:01 Explanation

Patient has hyperparathyroidism, an over secretion of PTH from parathyroid gland.

PTH leads to increased calcium absorption from the diet and release of calcium from the bone, thereby weakening the bones.

The increased calcium in kidney can lead to formation of insoluble salts, leading to kidney stone formation.

Because there is elevated calcium in circulation, hypercalcemia is observed. Open / Comment

2021-08-10 18:00:02 Explanation

Doxacuronium is the longest acting neuromuscular blocking agent.Duration of action is 120 minutes

Atracuronium duration of action: 45 minutes

Vecuronium duration of action: 25-40 minutes

Pancuronium duration of action: 85-100 minutes

Most potent skeletal muscle relaxant: Doxacuronium

Least potent skeletal muscle relaxant: Succinylcholine

Least potent non depolarizing muscle relaxant: Rocuronium

Most commonly used muscle relaxant for routine surgery: Vecuronium Open / Comment

2021-06-22 18:00:01 Explanation

A urinalysis that is positive for blood does not distinguish between myoglobin and hemoglobin. A microscopic urine exam is necessary for definitive diagnosis.

In a patient with myoglobinuria, a microscopic evaluation will fail to show the presence of RBC casts or intact RBCs.

Gross myoglobinuria can lead to an abnormal coloration of the urine and is typically described as ‘Cola colored’.

Hematuria and renal cell carcinoma would be expected to produce urine analysis and microscopic exam that are positive for RBCs, whereas nephritic syndrome would be expected to have RBC casts. Open / Comment

2021-06-21 18:00:02 Explanation

Deficiency manifestations of miamine/Vit B1: Beri Beri. Early symptoms include anorexia, dyspepsia, heaviness and weakness.

Wet Beri Beri:
• Most prominent are CVS manifestations
• Main features are edema of legs, face, trunk and serious cavities.
• Other findings include palpitations, breathlessness and distended neck veins.
• Death due to heart failure

Dry Beri Beri:
• Major features are CNS manifestations
• Peripheral neuritis with sensory disturbance may cause complete paralysis

Infantile Beri Beri:
• Seen in infants born to mothers suffering from thiamine deficiency
• Restlessness and sleeplessness are also seen. Open / Comment