sᴘᴏᴛ ᴅɪᴀɢɴᴏsɪs

2022-01-17 14:26:23 1)Dementia.
https://t.me/spotdiagnosis/179

2) Alzheimer's disease
https://t.me/spotdiagnosis/180

3)Frontotemporal Dementia
https://t.me/spotdiagnosis/181

4)Lewy body dementia.
https://t.me/spotdiagnosis/182

5)Normal pressure hydrocephalus.
https://t.me/spotdiagnosis/167

6)Dementia and Down syndrome.
https://t.me/spotdiagnosis/185 Open / Comment

2022-01-07 10:40:41 #Management_of_Migraine:
Non-pharmacological Approach :
⁃Avoid triggers.
⁃Regular sleeping pattern.

Pharmacological Treatment:
#Prophylactic:
Prophylactic treatment indicated if attacks occur >2-3 times a month:

1-[CGRP] Antagonists: binds to CGRP ligand blocking the effect of CGRP.
e.g:Ernumab / Fremanezumab given subcutaneous.
2-Antiepileptic(Valporic acid) 3-Antihypertensive(propranolo)4-Antidepressant(Amitriptyline)

#Symptomatic_Relife (Abort Headache):
1-Triptants (e.g.,sumatriptan) are 5-HT1B ,5-HT1D) agonists.

2-Ergotamines (alpha -1 selective agonist and is an agonist of serotonin receptors e.g. (5-HT1B & 5-HT1D).
MOA: inhibit the release of neuropeptides from trigeminal.n by activating (5HT1B,5HT1D) receptors ,leading to vasoconstriction.

Triptans contraindications :
1-ischemic stroke
2-pregnancy /HTN
3-Coronary artery disease.

#Reference:
Current Medical diagnosis.
#Abbrevations:
MOA: mechanism of action. Open / Comment

2022-01-06 23:52:46 Open / Comment

2022-01-06 01:22:58 #Hearing_Loss:
1- Sensineuronal hearing loss (SNHL).
2- Conductive hearing loss.

#SNHL:
1- Meniere's disease.
2- Stroke.
3- Acustic neuroma (Schwanoma).
3- Presbycusis ( Age related SNHL).

#Conductive:
1- Otitis media.
2- Otitis Externa.
3- Cholestatoma.
4-Rubture tympanic Membrane.
5-Cerumen impaction.

#Source:
Uworld neurology. Open / Comment

2022-01-06 00:56:45 Open / Comment

2022-01-05 23:41:39 #How_to_approach_patient_with_headache ?

First #Exclude the patient’s headache is not due to serious pathology such as :

Hemorrhagic stroke/subarachnoid haemorrhage
Tumor.

#Request CT or MRI for patients presenting with the following Symptoms:

1-New onset severe headache.
2-Focal neurological deficit.
3-Seizures.
4-Papilledema.
5-Confusion /altered mental status .

#NB There is no need to scan patients with repetitive headaches with a diagnosis of migraine or cluster headache. Open / Comment

2022-01-04 01:57:53 #Clinical_Neurology:
Nervous system:
1-CNS ( brain and brainstem)
2-PNS ( CN + SN)

Symptoms of CN (Cranial nerves 12) involvement:

#CNI:
1- Anosmia :e.g Common cold,COVID, kallman syndrome.
2-Parosmia: distorted sense of smell.
3- Phantosmia : hallucinations.

#CNII:
1-Visual field defects: e.g. Hemianopia.
2- Color blindness
3- Decrease visual aquity.
4- Visual hallucinations

#CNIII, CNIV, CNVI ( ocular movements) :
1- Diplopia.
2- Ptosis.

#CNV:
1- Facial pain : Trigeminal neuralgia.
2- Shingles.

#CNVII :
1- Asymetrical face
2- Decrease taste in anterior two third of the tounge.
3- Hyperacusis: exaggerated sounds.

#CNVIII:
1- Hearing loss.
2- Tinnitus : ringing echo in ear.
3- Vertigo +/- Vomiting and nausea.

#CNIX, X (glossopharyngeal, vagus nerve):
1- Psedobulbar palsy.
2- Loss of Gag reflux
3- aspiration pneumonia
4- Decrease taste in posterior1/3
5- Dysphonia.

#CNXI (acsessory) :
1- Head drop.

#CNXII (Hypoglossal):
- Tounge deviation, Fasiculation and dysatheria.

#My_Notes Open / Comment

2022-01-04 01:11:44 Open / Comment

2022-01-03 02:04:12 Open / Comment

2022-01-03 01:34:44 Open / Comment