UPSC Environment Ecology Prelims National Parks

2021-08-24 16:40:06 #visioniasPT365 #onlyiasudaan #vajiram&ravi

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2021-08-24 16:39:02 SEAWEEDS

Seaweeds are (thalloid plants) macroscopic algae, which mean they have no differentiation of true tissues such as roots, stems and leaves. They have leaflet appendages.

Seaweeds, the larger and visible marine plants are found attached to rocks, corals and other submerged strata in the intertidal and shallow sub tidal zones of the sea.

Seaweeds grow in shallow coastal waters wherever sizable substata is available.

Based on the colour of their pigmentation, sea weeds are broadly classified into different classes such as blue-green, green, brown, red, etc.

Seaweeds are important as food for humans, feed for animals, and fertilizer for plants and Seaweeds are used as a drug for goiter treatment, intestinal and stomach disorders. Open / Comment

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2021-08-24 15:30:06 ECOLOGICAL FISCAL TRANSFERS

The Center for Global Development analyzed state budgets to examine whether ecological fiscal transfers (EFTs) have impacted state forestry expenditures in a recent study.

EFTs are meant to reward states that protected their forests. Within the total center-state disbursement, 7.5% was set aside to be divided among states based on the area of forests within states (by 14th Finance Commission).

For EFTs to work as a mechanism to restore forests and mitigate climate change, it needs to be retained in the next devolution formula by the 15th Finance Commission with the base year for forest cover measurement updated to 2019 (from 2013 currently).

These conservation areas thus become a source of income for the receiving governments. Open / Comment

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2021-08-23 15:30:06 PYROLYSIS

Pyrolysis is a thermochemical treatment, which can be applied to any organic (carbon-based) product. It can be done on pure products as well as mixtures.

In this treatment, material is exposed to high temperature, and in the absence of oxygen goes through chemical and physical separation into different molecules. The decomposition takes place thanks to the limited thermal stability of chemical bonds of materials, which allows them to be disintegrated by using the heat.

Unlike combustion and gasification processes, which involve entire or partial oxidation of material, pyrolysis is based on heating in the absence of air. This makes it endothermic process that ensure high energy content in the products received. Open / Comment

2021-08-22 15:30:06 INDUS RIVER DOLPHINS

The Indus river dolphin is one of the world’s rarest mammals and the second most endangered freshwater river dolphin. It is one of the flagship species and is an indicator of the biological health of the aquatic and terrestrial environment adjoining the Indus River.

Today, they can only be found in the lower parts of the Indus River in Pakistan and in River Beas, a tributary of the Indus River in Punjab, India.

They have adapted to life in the muddy river and are functionally blind. They rely on echolocation to navigate, communicate and hunt prey including prawns, catfish, and carp.

They are classified as Endangered as per the IUCN Red List. Open / Comment

2021-08-21 17:49:21 CRITICAL WILDLIFE HABITATS

Critical wildlife habitats (CWH) are defined under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, as the “areas of national parks and sanctuaries where it has been specifically and clearly established, case by case, on the basis of scientific and objective criteria, that such areas are required to be kept as inviolate for the purposes of wildlife conservation”.

The phrase ‘critical wildlife habitat’ is defined only in the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, and NOT in the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Critical Wildlife Habitats are thus, declared by Central Government only. Open / Comment

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