2021-05-08 09:16:32
Yordamchi fe'llarning qo'llanishi
Ingliz tilida yordamchi fe'llar mustaqil ma'no anglatmasada, soʻroq va inkor gaplarni hosil qilishda va ba'zan asosiy fe'lga qoʻshimcha ma'no yuklash (modal fe'llar) uchun qoʻllaniladi. Quyidagi roʻyxatda asosiy yordamchi fe'llar keltirilgan:
am/is/are was/were would may must can have/has could might shall will do/does/did should need
Mazkur mavzuda biz yordamchi fe'llarning muhim vazifalaridan yana biri boʻlgan asosiy fe'lni qayta takrorlamaslik vazifasini koʻrib chiqamiz. Quyidagi gapni tahlil qilamiz:
Do you smoke? I did but I don't any more.
Aslida bu gap I smoked but I don't smoke any more shaklida keltirilishi kerak edi, ammo smoke fe'li qayta takrorlamasdan, faqatgina did va don't yordamchi fe'llarini qoʻllash bilan ham mazmunni ifodalash mumkin.
DTM tomonidan qoʻllanadigan test savollarida quyidagi qurilmalar juda koʻp qoʻllaniladi:
but - lekin, ammo, biroq bog'lovchisi bilan bog'langan gaplar. Bunday gaplarda birinchi gap boʻlishli, ikkinchi gap boʻlishsiz yoki aksincha boʻladi.
I like going for long walks but Tom doesn't. (=doesn't like)
They can't ride a bicycle but I can. (=can ride)
and - va, ham, hamda bog'lovchisi bilan bog'langan gaplar. Bunday gaplarda birinchi gap qanday boʻlsa, ikkinchi gap ham shunday qurilmada boʻladi va birinchi gapning mazmuniga qarab ikkinchi gapda so/neither/nor/either soʻzlari ishtirok etadi. Ikkinchi gapdagi yordamchi fe'lning oʻrniga e'tibor bering.
I like going for long walks and so does Tom.
They can't ride a bicycle and neither/nor can I.
We haven't bought a house this year and our neighbours haven't either.
too - ham degan ma'noda qoʻllaniladi va darak gap oxirida keladi.
I am happy. He is happy too.
either - ham degan ma'noda qoʻllanadi va inkor gap oxirida keladi.
I didn't like the film. Tom didn't like the film either.
so - ham degan ma'noda oldin aytilgan boʻlishli fikrga qoʻshilish uchun ishlatiladi. E'tiborli jihati - so+yordamchi fe'l+ ega qurilmasiga amal qilish kerak.
A: I have been to the USA B: So has Tom
A: Jane was late this morning. B: So were her brothers.
A: I went to Bukhara last year. B: So did we.
A: He is coming to the party. B: So is Jack.
A: We should take care of it. B: So should they.
neither/nor - ham degan ma'noda oldin aytilgan boʻlishsiz fikrga qoʻshilish uchun ishlatiladi. E'tiborli jihati - neither/nor+ boʻlishli yordamchi fe'l+ ega qurilmasiga amal qilish kerak.
A: She hasn't found a job yet. B: Neither/nor have I.
A: We don't often see Tom. B: Neither/nor do I.
A: I didn't go to Bukhara last year. B: Neither/nor did we.
A:She didn't expect him to come. B: Neither/nor did Jane.
Eslatma: no/none/nobody/no-one/nothing/nowhere/barely/seldom/scarcely/ hardly/ rarely soʻzlari ham mazmunan inkor soʻzlar hisoblanadi va ular qatnashgan gaplarga qoʻshilish uchun neither/nor soʻzlarini ishlatish lozim.
A: Nobody did their homework. B: Neither/nor did I.
A: We never drink tea. B: Neither/nor do they.
Biror bir fikrga munosabat bildirishning boshqa usullari ham mavjud. Bular I think so/I don't think so/I hope/I hope not/ I am afraid so/I am afraid not/I suppose so/ I don't suppose so gaplari orqalidir.
It is going to rain.
I don't think so (fikrga qoʻshilmaslik)
I think so (fikrga qoʻshilish)
Do you speak English?
I am afraid not. (I don't speak English)
Is he ill?
I hope not. (he is not ill)
Sizlar uchun maxsus
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