Paediatrics videos & books

2022-03-21 11:40:22 44) A5-year-old male is admitted to the hospital following a 3-week history of spiking fevers and fatigue. Your examination reveals pale mucous membranes and skin. You also find splenomegaly. You are concerned about a possible malignancy. What is the most… Open / Comment

2022-03-21 11:38:36 44) A5-year-old male is admitted to the hospital following a 3-week history of spiking fevers and fatigue. Your examination reveals pale mucous membranes and skin. You also find splenomegaly.
You are concerned about a possible malignancy. What is the most common malignancy of childhood? Open / Comment

2022-03-14 07:22:01 G. lamblia is a common protozoan which can be acquired by ingesting unfiltered water. It is seen frequently in people who drink fresh stream water. It is a cause of chronic, nonbloody diarrhea. There is typically a large amount of gas and cramping associated with Giardia infections. RMSF does not typically cause a gastroenteritis. Children with RMSF will commonly have fevers, headaches, and a petechial rash. Rotavirus and Norwalk viruses typically cause acute, self-limited gastroenteritis. The diarrhea is nonbloody, nonmucousy, and typically lasts a few days. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2003, pp. 283–285) The most appropriate treatment for giardiasis is oral metronidazole. Oral rehydration is an important mainstay in the treatment of diarrhea of any cause but is not a specific treatment for giardiasis. Ciprofloxacin is commonly used for traveler’s diarrhea caused by E. coli. Open / Comment

2022-03-13 07:21:48 43) Afather and son come to your office because of persistent diarrhea. They relate the presence of watery diarrhea for over 2 weeks. They noted that the diarrhea began after returning from a Boy Scout camping trip in the Rocky Mountains. The diarrhea has… Open / Comment

2022-03-13 07:20:34 43) Afather and son come to your office because of persistent diarrhea. They relate the presence of watery diarrhea for over 2 weeks. They noted that the diarrhea began after returning from a Boy Scout camping trip in the Rocky Mountains. The diarrhea has waxed and waned for 2 weeks. It is nonbloody and foul smelling. They have had increased flatulence and mild abdominal cramping.
What is the most likely etiology of their diarrhea? Open / Comment

2022-03-06 13:13:01 The most common finding in a newborn with Down syndrome is hypotonia. Other common findings include single palmar crease, flat facial profile, macroglossia, and wide space between the first and second toes. Hypotonia in the newborn period should prompt close evaluation and follow-up. Café au lait spots are associated with neurofibromatosis. High arched palates are associated with fragile X syndrome. Ambiguous genitalia are commonly seen in CAH.(Jones, 1997, pp. 8–13) Children with Down syndrome are at an increased risk for hypothyroidism. It may be hard to detect without routine laboratory screening as they will commonly have mental retardation and developmental delay as part of their syndrome. Hypothyroidism may not be present in the immediate newborn period and requires, at a minimum, annual testing throughout the child’s life. The other findings listed are not specifically associated with Down syndrome. Lens dislocation is commonly found with Marfan syndrome or homocysteinuria. (Jones, 1997, pp. 8–13) Children with Down syndrome have an increased prevalence of duodenal atresia. Pyloric stenosis is uncommon to see in the newborn period. It tends to present with nonbilious vomiting usually after 2–4 weeks of age. Hirschsprung disease (aganglionosis coli) presents with constipation and failure to pass stool. Infants with Hirschsprung disease commonly will not pass stool in the first days of life. Biliary atresia is a progressive cause of jaundice in an infant. It is the most common cause of a cholestatic jaundice in the newborn period. Emesis is not typically associated with biliary atresia. Milk protein allergy is a common cause of bloody stools in the first few months of life, but does not have bilious emesis associated with it. The double-bubble sign is typically seen in duodenal atresia. It represents gas in the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. This finding can also be seen in children with malrotation with a midgut volvulus. A midgut volvulus may also have bilious emesis as well, but malrotation is not specifically associated with Down syndrome. Pneumatosis intestinalis is the radiographic appearance of dissected air in the intestinal wall. It is seen in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Scimitar sign is seen on CXR and is indicative of anomalous pulmonary veins. (Rudolph et al., 2003, p. 203) The mean IQ of children with Down syndrome is 50 (the average is 20–85). Children with Down syndrome are not at greater risk of CNS malformations. There is not an increased presence of calcifications or of aneurysms. Five percent of children with Down syndrome can have a seizure disorder, making it a less common finding than mental retardation. Hydrocephalus is not increased in children with Down syndrome. Open / Comment

2022-03-05 13:12:31 Open / Comment