Agriculture Exams Library

2021-03-12 04:33:31 #NABARD_NORMS_COMPLETE FOR #AFO #NABARD Open / Comment

2021-03-11 16:47:11 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Brucellosis

These diseases are very common amongst the livestock cow-bulls, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs etc.

If a cow/buffalo gets infected with FMD, the milk loss is upto 100% which could last for four to six months.

Further, in case of Brucellosis the milk output reduces by 30%, during the entire life cycle of animal.

Brucellosis also causes infertility amongst the animals.

The infection of brucellosis can also be transmitted to the farm workers and livestock owners.

Both the diseases have a direct negative impact on the trade of milk and other livestock products.

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2021-03-11 15:40:34 #Livestock_Population Open / Comment

2021-03-11 12:10:46 #AGRO_FORESTRY

Agro-forestry is a sustainable land management system which increases the use of land, combines the production of crops, fruits, forest plants and or animals.
It is also known as tree-crop planting system.

Components of agro forestry:

a. Agri-siviculture:
The growing of agricultural crops along with the forest crops is known as Agri- silviculture.
Agriculture crops+Forest crops (silviculture).

b. Sylvo-pastoral system:
Forests are managed for the production of wood as well as for rearing of domesticated
animals.
Silviculture+Pasture management.

c. Agro-sylvo-pastoral system:
Agriculture crops+ Forest crops+ Pasture management.

d. Agri. Hoti-silvicultural system:
Agriculture crops+ Horticulture+Silviculture.

e. Agri-Silvi-Aquaculture System:
Agriculture crops+Forest crop+ Fish Production.

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2021-03-11 08:45:34 #Deficiency #Symptoms Open / Comment

2021-03-11 08:45:34 #Nutrient #Symptoms #Toxicity Open / Comment

2021-03-11 04:34:35 Nutrients & Thier Sources

Nitrogen (N):-
Organic matter

Phosphorus (P):-
Apetite and Al & Fe phosphate

Potash (K):-
Micas, Feldspar, Biotite

Calcium:-
Dolomite,Calcite

Magnesium(Mg):
Dolomite,Muscovite

Sulphur (S):-
Gypsum ,Pyrite, Organic matter

Iron (Fe):-Pyrite, Magnetite

Molybdenum (Mo):-Olivine

Boron (B):-Tournialine

Manganese (mn) :-Magnetite

Zinc (Zn):-Sphalerite

Chlorine (Cl):-Apetite

#AFO #NABARD
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2021-03-10 17:34:13 IMPORTANT INDIGENOUS CATTLE BREEDS IN INDIA

Gir
Milch - Originated in Gir forests of South Kathiawar in Gujarat also found in Maharashtra and adjacent Rajasthan. Horns are peculiarly curved, giving a ‘half-moon’ appearance.

Red Sindhi
Milch - Originated in Karachi and Hyderabad (Pakistan) regions of undivided India and also reared in certain organized farms in our country.

Sahiwal
Milch - Originated in Montgomery region of undivided India. Heavy breed with symmetrical body having loose skin.

Hallikar
Draught - Originated from the former princely state of Vijayanagar, presently part of Karnataka.

Amritmahal
Draught - Originated in Hassan, Chikmagalur and Chitradurga district of Karnataka.

Khillari
Draught - Originated from Sholapur and Sitapur districts of Maharashtra. Closely resembles Hallikar breed.

Kangayam
Draught - Originated from Tamil Nadu.The horns are spread apart, nearly straight with a slight curve backwards.

Bargur
Draught - Found around Bargur hills in Bhavani taluk of Erode district in Tamil Nadu.

Umblachery
Draught - Originated from Thanjavur District of TN.

Pulikulam
Draught - Originated from Madurai District of TN. AgriYuvaa

Alambadi
Draught - Originated from Dharmapuri District of TN.

Thaparkar
Dual Purpose - Originated in Tharparkar district (Pakistan) of undivided India and also found in Rajasthan.

Hariana
Dual Purpose - Originated from Rohtak, Hisar, Jind and Gurgaon districts of Haryana

Kankrej
Dual Purpose - Originated from Southeast Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan (Barmer and Jodhpur district).

Ongole
Dual Purpose - Found in Guntur District of AP

Krishna Valley
Dual Purpose - Originated from Krishna river valley in Karnataka and also found in border districts of Maharashtra.

Deoni
Dual Purpose - Originated in Western Andhra Pradesh and also found in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state and adjoining part of Karnataka. Open / Comment

2021-03-10 04:28:39 All the things that you need to know about MSP*

What is Minimum Support Price?

Minimum Support Price is the price set by the government to purchase crops from the farmers, whatever may be the market price for the crops. Minimum Support Price is an important part of India’s agricultural price policy as its declaration before the sowing time assures farmers agriculrural income besides providing a clear price signal.

The MSP helps to incentivize the farmers and thus ensures adequate food grains production in the country. It gives sufficient remuneration to the farmers, provides food grains supply to buffer stocks and supports the food security programme through PDS and other programmes.

Procurement Price

Sometimes, the government procures at a higher price than the MSP. Here, the price will be referred as procurement price. The procurement price will be announced soon after the harvest. Normally, the procurement price will be higher than the MSP, but lower than the market price. The price at which the procured and buffer stocke food grains are provided through the PDS is called as issue price.

When the MSP is announced?

The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP). Support prices generally affect farmers’ decisions indirectly, regarding land allocation to crops, quantity of the crops to be produced etc. It is in this angle that the MSP beceomes a big incentive for the farmers to produce more quanity.

What are the Objectives of MSP?

Government’s agricultural policy has three important components- the MSP, Buffer Stocks and issue of food grains through the PDS. The interconnectivity between the three is very clear. MSP helps to procure adequate food grains through FCI, state agencies and cooperatives. The PDS network through the policy of issue price delivers it to the weaker sections.

MSP is price fixed by Government of India to protect the farmers against excessive fall in price during bumper production years. The minimum support prices are a guarantee price for their produce from the Government.

The objective of the MSP is thus to ensure remunerative prices to the growers for by encouraging higher investment and production. It also aims to bring a balanced realization of sufficient food production and consumption needs at the same ensuring adequate and affordable food grains to all the people.

Thus the minimum support price is aimed to:

(i) Assure remunerative and relatively stable price environment for the farmers by inducing them to increase production and thereby augment the availability of food grains.

(ii) Improve economic access of food to people.

(iii) Evolve a production pattern which is in line with overall needs of the economy.

History and trend

The MSP was declared used first time in 1965 as a tool for agricultural price policy to meet the various objectives. Since then, the MSP performs an important function in realizing the various objectives related to agricultural price policy.

Who declares and who prepares it?

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), Government of India, determines the Minimum Support Prices (MSP) of various agricultural commodities in India based on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Cost and Prices (CACP).

What is open ended MSP?

Government considers that some types of crops are vital for food security. To ensure and encourage the production of such crops the government follows a much liberal procurement policy known as open ended MSP.

In this case, there is no procurement target. The government allows the procurement agencies like the FCI to buy whatever is offered by the farmers for sale at MSP. The major staple food items – rice and wheat are the two principal commodities where government’s role is pronounced.

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2021-03-09 13:15:23 #agriculture_engineering

Classification of Tillage

Primary tillage
It constitutes the initial major soil working operation. It is normally designed to reduce soil strength,
cover plant materials and rearrange aggregates. The operations performed to open up any cultivable land with a view to prepare a seed bed for growing crops is known as primary tillage. Animal drawn implements mostly include indigenous plough and mould-board plough. Tractor drawn implements include mould-board plough,disc plough, subsoil plough, chisel plough and other similar implements.

Secondary tillage,:
Tillage operations following primary tillage those are performed to create proper soil tilth for seeding and planting are secondary tillage. These are lighter and finer operations, performed on the soil after primary tillage operations. Secondary tillage consists of conditioning the soil to meet the different tillage objectives of
the farm. The implements include different types of harrow, cultivators, levellers, clod crushers etc.

Types of Tillage

Minimum Tillage - It is the minimum soil manipulation necessary to meet tillage requirements for crop
production.

Strip Tillage - It is a tillage system in which only isolated bands of soil are tilled.

Rotary Tillage -It is the tillage operations employing rotary action to cut, break and mix the soil.

Mulch Tillage -It is the preparations of soil in such a way that plant residues or other mulching materials are
specially left on or near the surface.

Combined Tillage -Operations simultaneously utilizing two or more different types of tillage tools or implements to simplify, control or reduce the number of operations over a field are called combined tillage.

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