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Important Facts That Will BOOST your Mains (including Essay) as well as your Prelims Preparation.
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The latest Messages 12
2022-02-18 19:41:08
Significance of the case
Through ‘Basic Structure’ doctrine, the judgement expanded the scope of judicial review.
Despite the large number of amendments made to the Indian Constitution, the ‘Basic structure doctrine’ helped in preserving the integral philosophies of its framers.
It created a check on Parliament’s endeavorto wipe out judicial review and strive for unconditional power
to amend the Constitution (through Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976).
Also, it clarified the distinction in amending and legislative powers of Parliament and gave the Preamble
its righteous and integral position in the India constitution.
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155 views16:41
2022-02-18 19:41:08
Outcomes of Kesavananda Bharati Case
Upheld the validity of the 24th amendment: SC held that Parliament had the power to amend any or all
provisions of the Constitution (including FRs), with a condition that the amendments should not alter,
damage or destroy the essential features or the fundamental principles of the Constitution. This came to be known as the “Basic Structure Doctrine”.
Corrected judgments of the Golaknath case: SC held that Article 368 contained both the power and the procedure for amending the Constitution and that amending powers and legislative powers of
Parliament were different.
Other judgments: SC upheld the 25th and 29th Amendments except for the parts that curtailed its power of judicial review and also asserted that the Preamble is a part of the Constitution and hence amendable.
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147 views16:41
2022-02-18 19:41:08
#GS2 #Polity
KESAVANANDA BHARATI CASE
About the Kesavananda Bharati Case
The case dealt with a petition against the Kerala Government challenging the compulsory acquisition of his land by the government under the Kerala Land Reforms Act 1963, as a violation of Fundamental Rights
(FRs), as enshrined in - Articles 25, 26 and 31 of the Constitution of India.
The case was heard by a Bench of 13 judges — the largest formed in the Supreme Court (SC).
As hearing proceeded, the scope of the case was expanded to address the following
interpretation of Golakhnath case (SC had held that- Article 368 merely laid down the amending
procedure but did not confer upon Parliament the power to amend the Constitution).
interpretation of the Article 368 (Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution)
the validity of the 24th Constitutional Amendment Act, Section 2 and 3 of the 25th Constitutional
Amendment Act and 29th Constitutional Amendment Act.
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117 views16:41
2022-02-18 16:08:36
Complete Static Mapping With 17 Months Current Affairs
233 views13:08
2022-02-18 14:01:43
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310 views11:01
2022-02-18 05:45:26
Way Forward
Separate Policy orientation for Rainfed farms- Need to give rainfed farmers the same research &
technology focus, and production support that their counterparts in irrigation areas have received over
the last few decades (Green Revolution).
Need to enhance productivity of Rainfed areas- Most of these areas can take up a second crop. Hence,
scientific selection of crops suitable for local agro-climatic zones should be done.
Shift from 'input-centricity' to 'needs/requirements'-centricity- In the long run, cash incentives and
income support like the PM-KISAN scheme announced in the budget earlier this month would be better
than extensive procurement.
Focus on livestock- Livestock is an essential component of dryland ecosystems. They provide much
needed farmyard manure for maintaining soil fertility apart from being useful for other agricultural
operations. The whole livestock support systems are 'milk-centric'. There are practically no support
systems available for livestock rearing for most of the farmers of dryland regions.
Investing in rainfed agriculture would have huge implications for the ecological, social and economic well being of the large and diverse populations that inhabit it.
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55 views02:45
2022-02-18 05:45:26
Issues with Current Policies in regard to Rainfed Agriculture.
Schemes not framed particularly for rainfed agriculture- Flagship government schemes, such as seed and fertiliser subsidies and soil health cards, are designed for irrigated areas and simply
extended to rainfed farmers without taking their needs into consideration.
Negative impact on rainfed farms by extension of other schemes- e.g. Many
hybrid seeds notified by the government scheme need plenty of water, fertiliser and
pesticides to give high yields and are thus not useful to most rainfed farmers. Commercial fertilisers simply burn out the soil without sufficient water.
Lower Investment on infrastructure- Lands irrigated through big dams and canal networks get a per hectare investment of Rs. 5 lakh. Watershed management spending in rainfed lands is only Rs. 18,000-
25,000 per hectare.
Low Procurement from crops in rainfed areas- From, 2001-02 and 2011-12, the government spent Rs. 5.4 lakh crore on wheat and rice (Irrigated areas). Whereas on coarse cereals, which are grown in rainfed
areas, only Rs. 3,200 crore worth of procurement has been done in the same period.
Lack of utilization of local expertise- The government has no system in place to channelise indigenous seeds or subsidised organic manure in the same way.
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37 views02:45
2022-02-18 05:45:26
Importance of these areas
Rain-fed areas contributed significantly to the country’s food production. They account for 88 per cent of pulses and 40 per cent rice production in the country.
They also support 64 per cent of cattle population in the country.
Inherent issues with Rainfed agriculture.
Low Incomes of farmers- While farmers in irrigated areas earn 60
per cent of their income from agriculture, their counterparts in
rainfed areas earn only 20-30 per cent from farm-related
activities.
Majority people in rain fed areas are poor- There is an overlap of
the poorest districts with rainfed districts in various parts of India.
Low crop yields - While the average yield in rain-fed areas is about 1.1 tonnes per hectare, that in irrigated areas is about 2.8 tonnes
per hectare.
Increasing number of suicides among farmers- especially in the
dry land areas.
Ecologically fragile- One-third of the dry land areas are highly
degraded, which cannot be put under cultivation. They receive rainfall of either less than 500 mm or more than 1,500 mm and suffer from serious water management problems either way.
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35 views02:45
2022-02-18 05:45:26
#GS3 #Agriculture
POLICY BIAS AGAINST RAINFED AGRICULTURE
About Rainfed Agriculture
A region is classified as rainfed, if assured irrigation is not provided to majority of the net sown area. It is an interrelation of production systems, natural resources and people's livelihoods in rainfed regions.
In India they cover around 180 districts and exist in all agro-climatic regions but are mostly concentrated in the arid and semi-arid area. About 61 per cent of India’s farmers rely on rain-fed agriculture and 55 per cent of the gross cropped area is under rain-fed farming.
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38 views02:45
2022-02-17 17:51:35
Complete Mapping Static With 17 Months Current Affairs
236 views14:51
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