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Important Facts That Will BOOST your Mains (including Essay) as well as your Prelims Preparation.
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The latest Messages 13
2022-02-17 14:06:19
#Now_Launched
COVERING Static+ Current Part! MAPPING Booklet [
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351 views11:06
2022-02-16 19:46:30
In this context, what can be the course of action for India?
The Indian dispensation has stated that it is monitoring the situation, but several experts have suggested to
go beyond monitoring to secure its interests. Following steps can be taken by India-
Strengthening its hydrological capacity: Efforts could be made to increase the monitoring capacity for the flow of water on the Indian side. For example, weekly monitoring of flow of water on every major junction of the river.
This can be accompanied with regular satellite-based monitoring of the complete stretch of the
Brahmaputra river (for activity and infrastructural developments).
Building international consensus against Chinese activities: India can bank on its image as a responsible
Upper riparian state and try to persuade other lower riparian states like Bangladesh, ASEAN countries etc.
to build a regional consensus for countering potential excesses from China.
Efforts can also be made to draw out a consensus of a collective of democracies in pursuance of
International law of ‘Prior Appropriation’. In accordance with the law, India being the first user has rights to use same quantity of water for hydropower projects on Brahmaputra against China.
Drawing clear red lines: India must lay down clear red lines and communicate the same to China, with regard to the water security in the region. For example, if Run-of-the-river dams created by China alter the
water availability in India, it will not be acceptable to India.
But monitoring capacity, international consensus and red lines will only be effective if India has the capacity to back this pressure with actions. As a result, it becomes pertinent that India develops its economic and military
capacity to showcase that it can potentially harm China if such a need arises.
Conclusion
Strained water relations between countries will hinder the development on both sides. In the light of this, India could make an effort to further strengthen cooperation through diplomatic channels available like the Expert
Level Mechanism and using other diplomatic means like the Himalayan Charter and Himalayan Council for the future of the Himalayas among others.
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125 views16:46
2022-02-16 19:46:30
What are the concerns that India has regarding the recent developments on Brahmaputra?
Volume and quality of water: Experts have highlighted that even Run-of-the-river projects will significantly reduce the availability of water in the North-Eastern region and increase the siltation levels.
Absence of transparency in developments: Chinese infrastructural developments in the Tibetan region have not been transparent. E.g.- Road developments near the India-Tibet border etc.
Potential use as political leverage in border disputes: The control over joint water resources can be used
as a political tool by China. For example, China stopped sharing of hydrological data on Brahmaputra
during the Doklam standoff. (But it was sharing the same with Bangladesh.)
National Security implication: The question of availability of water can turn into a National Security issue
as it directly affects the existence of a large section of people.
Also, poor water availability in the Eastern region can trigger a fresh influx of refugees from
Bangladesh.
Environmental Impact: Several concerns emerge such as increased pollution in the river (Siang-
Brahmaputra’s main artery recently turned blackish grey as it entered India), potential impact on climate
change, threat to biodiversity in the region and altering the monsoonal patterns of the region.
Increased disaster vulnerability: Artificially controlling and consequent sudden releases of the flow of water increases the probability of floods especially in lower riparian areas of India and Bangladesh.
Also, China plans to build this infrastructure by using small nuclear explosions, that will not only impact
the seismic balance of the region but also will have a radioactive fallout (affecting agriculture and
water quality).
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77 views16:46
2022-02-16 19:46:29
#GS2 #IR
INDIA-CHINA WATER RELATIONS
What is the current status of India-China water relationship?
Trans-border rivers flowing from China to India fall into two main groups –
The Brahmaputra River System on the Eastern side consisting river Siang (mainstream of river
Brahmaputra) and its tributaries i.e., Subansiri and Lohit.
The Indus River System on the Western side consists of river Indus and the river Sutlej.
There is no institutionalized mechanism on water cooperation between India and China, both countries have
signed only -
MoU for Hydrological Information of the River Brahmaputra in 2002 and in 2010 MoU on Hydrological
Data Sharing on River Sutlej / Langqen Zangbo (renewed in 2015).
ELM (Expert Level Mechanism) to cooperate in emergency management (e.g., flood), trans- border Rivers issues etc. in 2006.
Besides these continuous diplomatic engagement plays a key role in sustained communication for data sharing and other developments in the river systems.
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93 views16:46
2022-02-16 16:31:22
Complete Static Mapping With 17 Months Current Affairs
218 views13:31
2022-02-16 14:23:04
#Now_Launched
COVERING Static+ Current Part! MAPPING Booklet [
2 PDFs]
• 1st Booklet- 15th March 2022
• 2nd Booklet- 15th May 2022Fees:
₹149 [
2 PDF Booklet ]
Payment Link: https://imjo.in/F6CAef
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283 views11:23
2022-02-16 12:20:26
For those who appeared in 2021 Mains.
https://t.me/cse2021interview/153
314 views09:20
2022-02-16 06:59:59
Conclusion
India’s experience shows that, asymmetrical federalism that is transparent and rule based is a prerequisite for the protection of culturally diverse groups like India. Transparent and rule-based asymmetry is associated with
democratic consolidation in multinational federations. It may simply be a means of accommodating diverse
group interests within a unified framework.
461 views03:59
2022-02-16 06:59:59
Criticism of Asymmetric federalism.
Arbitrariness: Special arrangements instituted to meet short term political expediency or administrative discretion can cause degradation of institutions. Such arrangements can result in arbitrary conferring of special favours and in the long run can contribute to greater disharmony and instability in a federation.
Shaped by political dynamics: In a centralized federation, the central government has considerable scope to discriminate among the units. The potential for discrimination will be particularly strong when the government at the center is weak and states wield significant control over the center. E.g. coalition government with strong regional political party.
Source of tensions: Use of of such devices increases the possibilities of new forms of tension emerging between regions which are not addressed through asymmetrical devices. For example, the use of asymmetrical principles in the north-eastern states has led into cascading claims of autonomy raised by groups which fall outside the purview of state recognised regions.
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440 views03:59
2022-02-16 06:59:59
SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR OTHER STATES- INDIA’S ASYMMETRIC
FEDERALISM
What is Asymmetric federalism?
In a federal arrangement, the constituent units are identified on the basis of region or ethnicity, and conferred varying forms of
autonomy or some level of administrative and legislative powers.
“Asymmetric federalism” is understood to mean federalism based on unequal powers
and relationships in political, administrative and fiscal arrangements spheres between the units constituting a federation.
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330 views03:59
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