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Important Facts That Will BOOST your Mains (including Essay) as well as your Prelims Preparation.
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PIB, PRS.
The Hindu.
Indian Express.
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The latest Messages 14
2022-02-15 19:26:40
Conclusion
Migration and displacement require education systems to accommodate the needs of those who move and
those left behind. Countries need to recognize migrants’ and refugees’ right to education in law and fulfil this
right in practice. They need to tailor education for those cramming into slums, living nomadically or awaiting
refugee status. Education systems need to be inclusive and fulfil the commitment to equity. Teachers need to
be prepared to deal with diversity and the traumas associated with migration and, especially, displacement.
445 views16:26
2022-02-15 19:26:40
Challenges
Most interventions are focused on keeping children in home communities instead of actively addressing
the challenges faced by those who are already on the move.
The report sees the growth of slums and informal settlements where schools are often scarce — due to
migration as a challenge.
“18% of the students displaced by a riverfront project in Ahmedabad dropped out and an additional
11% had lower attendance.
There is only one urban planner for every 1,00,000 people in India, while there are 38 for every 1, 00,000
in the United Kingdom.
The degree and evolution of refugee inclusion in national education vary across displacement contexts,
affected by geography, history, resources and capacity.
370 views16:26
2022-02-15 19:26:40
MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND EDUCATION
Current scenario
India is home to some of the world’s largest internal population movements alongside China.
Children of seasonal workers are often denied their right to education. About 80% of temporary migrant
children in seven Indian cities lacked access to education near work sites.
Among youth aged 15 to 19 who have grown up in a rural household with a seasonal migrant, 28% identified
as illiterate or had an incomplete primary education.
In the period between 2001 and 2011, inter-state migration rates doubled in India and an estimated 9
million migrated between States annually from 2011 to 2016.
353 views16:26
2022-02-15 16:26:51
Complete Mapping Static+ 17 Months Current Affairs
425 views13:26
2022-02-15 14:37:41
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467 views11:37
2022-02-14 19:32:57
Conclusion
India’s experience shows that, asymmetrical federalism that is transparent and rule based is a prerequisite for the protection of culturally diverse groups like India. Transparent and rule-based asymmetry is associated with
democratic consolidation in multinational federations. It may simply be a means of accommodating diverse
group interests within a unified framework.
587 views16:32
2022-02-14 19:32:57
Criticism of Asymmetric federalism.
Arbitrariness: Special arrangements instituted to meet short term political expediency or administrative discretion can cause degradation of institutions. Such arrangements can result in arbitrary conferring of special favours and in the long run can contribute to greater disharmony and instability in a federation.
Shaped by political dynamics: In a centralized federation, the central government has considerable scope to discriminate among the units. The potential for discrimination will be particularly strong when the government at the center is weak and states wield significant control over the center. E.g. coalition government with strong regional political party.
Source of tensions: Use of of such devices increases the possibilities of new forms of tension emerging between regions which are not addressed through asymmetrical devices. For example, the use of asymmetrical principles in the north-eastern states has led into cascading claims of autonomy raised by groups which fall outside the purview of state recognised regions.
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440 views16:32
2022-02-14 19:32:57
Reasons for India’s asymmetric federalism
Economic reasons: Motivation for special status may be purely for expanding economic opportunities and securing freedom from exploitation by larger and more powerful members of the federation. E.g. The erstwhile distinction of special category and non-special category status states.
Political factors and preserving group identities: 5th and 6th schedules provide for special governance measures in regions inhabited by ‘Scheduled Tribes’ and ‘tribal areas’ in the country. They aim to protect the Scheduled Tribes in the country by enabling them to develop autonomy and preserve their land, economy, and community.
Cultural factors: There are various clauses in Articles 371 to 371J which accord special powers to various states. These special provisions include respect for customary laws, religious and social practices, and restrictions on the migration non-residents to the State. E.g. Article 371G contains special provisions to preserve the religious and social practices of Mizos in Mizoram and their customary law and procedure.
Historical: Asymmetric arrangement is also shaped by how British unified the country under their rule and later the way in which the territories were integrated in the Indian Union. E.g. erstwhile Article 370 for Jammu & Kashmir.
Administrative and other factors: Union territories were created because they were too small to become independent states or they could not be joined with their neighbouring countries on the account of cultural differences.
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362 views16:32
2022-02-14 19:32:56
SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR OTHER STATES- INDIA’S ASYMMETRIC
FEDERALISM
What is Asymmetric federalism?
In a federal arrangement, the constituent units are identified on the basis of region or ethnicity, and conferred varying forms of
autonomy or some level of administrative and legislative powers.
“Asymmetric federalism” is understood to mean federalism based on unequal powers
and relationships in political, administrative and fiscal arrangements spheres between the units constituting a federation.
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362 views16:32
2022-02-14 15:29:30
Complete Static Mapping + 17 Months Current Affairs
433 views12:29
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