Geology of the world and the Environment

2021-12-13 14:06:06 Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah

Bryce Canyon is one of the most beautiful places in the American Southwest.

Bryce Canyon is the major feature of Bryce Canyon National Park, located in Utah, United States. Despite its name, is not a canyon, but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau.

Bryce is distinctive due to geological structures called hoodoos, formed by frost weathering and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks, for 200 days a year the temperature goes above and below freezing every day. During the day, melt water seeps into fractures only to freeze at night, expanding by 9%. Now as ice, it exerts a tremendous force (2,000-20,000 pounds per square inch). Over time this "frost-wedging" shatters and pries rock apart. In addition, rain water, which is naturally acidic, slowly dissolves the limestone, rounding off edges and washing away debris. The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views.

#Geology Open / Comment

2021-11-27 20:12:32 Avatar Hallelujah Mountain ( 阿凡达-哈利路亚山 )

Avatar Hallelujah Mountain is a mountain, a 1,080-metre (3,540 ft) quartz-sandstone pillar, located in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, in the Wulingyuan Area, in northwestern Hunan Province, China, They are the result of many years of physical, rather than chemical, erosion. Much of the weathering which forms these pillars are the result of expanding ice in the winter and the plants which grow on them. The weather is moist year round, and as a result, the foliage is very dense. The weathered material is carried away primarily by streams. These formations are a distinct hallmark of Chinese landscape.

Pictures from @pic/telegram

#GeologyHelp #GeologyOfTheWorld #China
#Geology #chemical #physical #quartz #sandstone
#Environment #Area #streams #mountain
#Geomorphology #erosion #weather
#Awesome #View #Tourism Open / Comment

2021-11-05 03:03:50 Columnar Basalt, Devil's Postpile California

A natural volcanic formation, columnar basalt has a seemingly man-made appearance. The (mostly) hexagonal columns form naturally as thick lava rapidly cools, contracting and creating cracks in the surface of the new rock. These unusual geological formations can be seen across the globe.

Location

Devils Postpile National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located near Mammoth Mountain in Eastern California. The monument protects Devils Postpile, an unusual rock formation of columnar basalt. It encompasses 798 acres (323 ha) and includes two main attractions: the Devils Postpile formation and Rainbow Falls, a waterfall on the Middle Fork of the San Joaquin River.

Geology of Devils Postpile National Monument

Devils Postpile National Monument contains rare geologic features—polygonal columns of Quaternary basalt, the “posts” for which the monument is named. In addition to the basalt columns, Quaternary (2.6 million years ago to the present) extrusive volcanic rocks and Cretaceous (145.5 to 65.5 million years ago) intrusive igneous rocks form the landscape of Devils Postpile National Monument. These rocks range in composition from granodiorite to leucogranites (granites rich in potassium feldspar and aluminum).

The column formation is summarized as follows (Huber and Eckhardt 2002):

- Surface cracks developed when the tension caused by the shrinkage of cooling was greater than the strength of the lava.

- As cracks reached about 25 cm (10 in), they branched to form a Y-shape with equal angles of approximately 120 degrees around all sides, an angle that provides the greatest stress relief.

- Each new crack branched again when it reached the critical length, and together with other similar cracks formed an irregular polygonal pattern.

#GeologyHelp #GeologyOfTheWorld #USA
#Geology #geologicfeatures #intrusive #volcanic_rocks #Cretaceous #Quaternary #basalt #granodiorite #cooling #aluminum #potassium #feldspar #granites
#Geomorphology #Structural_Geology #landscape #polygonal_columns #column #Surface #relief
#Environment #Area #waterfall #Falls #River
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2021-11-05 03:03:20 Pancake ice is a form of ice that consists of round pieces of ice with diameters ranging from 30 centimetres (12 in) to 3 metres (9.8 ft), depending on the local conditions that affect ice formation. It may have a thickness of up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in). Pancake ice features elevated rims formed by piling the frazil ice/slush/etc. up the edges of pancakes when they collide, both due to random bumping into each other and because of periodic compressions at wave troughs. These rims are the first indication of the onset of the formation of the pancake ice from less consolidated forms of ice.

Pancake ice may be formed in two ways. It may be formed on water covered to some degree in slush, shuga or grease ice. Alternatively, it may be created by breaking ice rind, nilas or even gray ice in the agitated conditions.

Pictures are examples from the western part of the Baltic Sea

#GeologyHelp #GeologyOfTheWorld #Baltic_Sea
#Geology #Environment #Area
#Geomorphology #pancake_ice
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2021-11-05 03:02:48 DE-NA-ZIN WILDERNESS IN BLM NEW MEXICO!

The 41,170-acre Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness in New Mexico is a remote desolate area of steeply eroded badlands which offers some of the most unusual scenery found in the Four Corners region. Time and natural elements have etched a fantasy world of strange rock formations and fossils. It is an ever-changing environment that offers the visitor a remote wilderness experience.

The two major geological formations found in the wilderness are the Fruitland Formation and the Kirtland Shale. The Fruitland Formation makes up most of what a visitor will see while in the badlands and contains interbedded sandstone, shale, mudstone, coal, and silt. The weathering of the sandstone forms the many spires and hoodoos (sculpted rock) found throughout the area. And the Kirtland Shale contains rock of various colors and dominates the eastern part of the wilderness.

#GeologyHelp #GeologyOfTheWorld #world #NewMexico
#Environment #Area #changing #RestoreOurEarthChallenge
#Geology #geological #fossils #rock #mudstone #coal #sandstone #silt #shale
#Geomorphology #eroded #badlands #hoodoos #weathering #sculpted_rock
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2021-10-25 19:15:50 Do you want to eat this cake or want to know the information in this cake

A question for the geniuses who are online now. Can you explain the information that the cake expresses?

#GeologyHelp #GeologyOfTheWorld #cake #Geology Open / Comment

2021-10-18 02:46:45 Huge Stone Spheres in Mangistau, Kazakhstan

It consists of numerous ball-like rock formations strewn across a wide range of steppe land. The balls range in size from tiny marble-like rocks to huge boulders the size of a car.

The phenomenon is poorly researched, but there could be a number of geological explanations from megaspherulites - crystalline balls formed in volcanic ash and then revealed by weathering - to cannonball concretions - a process where sediment accumulates around a harder core - to spherical weathering wherein the conditions are just right to erode rocks into spherical form. In this case due to the range of sizes the most likely explanation is that of spherulite formation.

Visible from the Valley is Sherkala (Lion Rock), a stunning 332m white and ochre chalk outcrop with numerous fissures along its rim and even more rock formations at its foot. Close by are also the scant ruins of the Silk Road town Kyzylkala

#GeologyHelp #GeologyOfTheWorld #Kazakhstan #outcrop #Valley
#Geology #Environment #Area #Rock_Formations #geological #Volcanic #crystalline #sediment #phenomenon
#Geomorphology #weathering #Erode_Rocks #fissures

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2021-10-14 23:21:10 Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia

Salar de Uyuni is part of the Altiplano of Bolivia in South America. The Altiplano is a high plateau, which was formed during uplift of the Andes mountains. The plateau includes fresh and saltwater lakes as well as salt flats and is surrounded by mountains with no drainage outlets.

The geological history of the Salar is associated with a sequential transformation between several vast lakes. Some 30,000 to 42,000 years ago, the area was part of a giant prehistoric lake, Lake Minchin. Its age was estimated from radiocarbon dating of shells from outcropping sediments and carbonate reefs and varies between reported studies. Lake Minchin (named after Juan B. Minchin of Oruro) later transformed into paleolake Tauca having a maximal depth of 140 meters (460 ft), and an estimated age of 13,000 to 18,000 or 14,900 to 26,100 years, depending on the source. The youngest prehistoric lake was Coipasa, which was radiocarbon dated to 11,500 to 13,400 years ago. When it dried, it left behind two modern lakes, Poopó Lake and Uru Uru Lake, and two major salt deserts, Salar de Coipasa and the larger Salar de Uyuni. Salar de Uyuni spreads over 10,582 square kilometers (4,086 sq mi), which is roughly 100 times the size of the Bonneville Salt Flats in the United States. Lake Poopó is a neighbor of the much larger Lake Titicaca. During the wet season, Titicaca overflows and discharges into Poopó, which, in turn, floods Salar De Coipasa and Salar de Uyuni.

Lacustrine mud that is interbedded with salt and saturated with brine underlies the surface of Salar de Uyuni. The brine is a saturated solution of sodium chloride, lithium chloride and magnesium chloride in water. It is covered with a solid salt crust varying in thickness between tens of centimeters and a few meters. The center of the Salar contains a few "islands", the remains of the tops of ancient volcanoes submerged during the era of Lake Minchin. They include unusual and fragile coral-like structures and deposits that often consist of fossils and algae.

#GeologyHelp
#Geology #fossils #sediments
#Environmeny #Area #mountains #lake
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2021-10-13 18:36:48 Red Stone Forest National Geological Park ,Guzhang Hongshilin

Red Stone Forest National Geological Park is located in Guzhang County in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in the west of Hunan Province. It faces the beautiful Furong Ancient Town on the other bank of Youshui River, and is sited on the way between Zhangjiajie and Fenghuang Ancient Town

Fluvial erosion of carbonized Devonian (ca. 450 Million years ago) sandstone conglomerate. This is one of the most amazing landscapes I have ever seen.

It is known that the rocks also known as a change in the way because of the weather and the seasons, where he takes a deep red color being the most memorable , this is the reason for the name Red Stone Forest

Geology of Red Stone Forest National, Guzhang

According to the geological experts’ research, the formation of the red stone forest can traced back to about 450 million years ago. The red stone forest used to be a seabed during Ordovician period. Here deposited a large amount of shaly sand with carbonate material. With millions years of erosion and corrosion by rain and sea water later and crustal movement, it formed unique Karst landform that we can see today. For the rock contains rich iron element, it presents the color in red.

The stone forest covers an area of 20 square kilometers in a totally original ecological status. In the stone forest, there are valleys, stream and springs. There are thick grassland and wistaria flowers growing in the forest, making it like a garden of nature. The tall rocks in various shapes can be seen throughout scenic spot. The stone color is changeable in accordance with the weather, time and season. The stone is red in Sunny days, black in the rain, brown and red on cloudy days. It even presents different colors in the morning and evening in a day.

#GeologyHelp #Environment #Area #Forest #ecological
#Geology #Devonian #Stone #Karst #Ordovician
#Geomorphology #erosion #Fluvial #landform
#Rock #conglomerate #sandstone #carbonate

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