2021-03-18 17:28:30
The Explanation of the Ḥadīth: “There are three affairs that are serious, whether you say them seriously or jokingly, they are serious”
شرح حديث: (ثلاث جدهن جد وهزلهن جد)
The author (ie: Abū Dāwūd) may Allah have mercy on him then recorded in the chapter: “Chapter: Regarding A Divorce That Was Said In Jest”
قال المصنف رحمه الله تعالى: [باب في الطلاق على الهزل.
On the authority of Abū Hurayrah; the Messenger ﷺ said: “There are three affairs that are serious, whether you say them seriously or jokingly, they are serious: marriage, divorce and taking back your (divorced) wife.”
حدثنا القعنبي حدثنا عبد العزيز -يعني: ابن محمد - عن عبد الرحمن بن حبيب عن عطاء بن أبي رباح عن ابن ماهك عن أبي هريرة أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال: (ثلاث جدهن جد، وهزلهن جد: النكاح والطلاق والرجعة)].
His wording “Chapter: Regarding A Divorce That Was Said In Jest” meaning that a person divorces his wife then says that he was only joking and was not serious when he divorced her, or says I only wanted to joke around and so on. This is not considered to be joking, because these three issues are serous whether saying them seriously or jokingly. So she would be divorced. If this were not the case, everyone who divorced his wife would say that he was only joking.
قوله: [باب في الطلاق على الهزل] يعني: كون الإنسان يطلق ثم يقول: إنه هازل يضحك، وإنه ليس جاداً في طلاقه، أو يقول: إنما أردت أن أمزح، وما إلى ذلك، فلا يعتبر مزاحه؛ لأن هذه الثلاث جدهن جد، وهزلهن جد، فيعتبر ويقع الطلاق، ولو كان لا يقع لأمكن كل أحد قد طلق زوجته أن يقول: أنا كنتُ أمزح،
But the clear statement of divorce, if it is uttered then it is considered to be a divorce. If he says that he was only joking, well indeed his joke about this matter is serious.
ولكن هذا اللفظ الذي هو صريح الطلاق إذا أتى به فإنه يعتبر معناه، ولو قال: إنه هازل؛ فإن هزله جده.
His statement: “There are three affairs that are serious, whether you say them seriously or jokingly, they are serious…” So whether a person intends them and is serious or says them jokingly, indeed they are serious and are implemented. So it is not befitting to be careless and negligent in the likes of these matters and joke about them.
قوله: [(ثلاث جدهن جد وهزلهن جد)] فسواء كان الإنسان يقصدهن ويكون متعمداً جاداً، أو يقولها هازلاً مازحاً أو ما إلى ذلك، فإنها تكون جداً ويعتبر مقتضاها، فلا يصلح التساهل والتهاون بهذا بهزل ومزح وما إلى ذلك.
His statement: “Marriage, divorce and taking back your (divorced) wife.” Some of the scholars added the freeing of a slave, but there are not any authentic aḥadīth concerning it.
قوله: [(النكاح والطلاق والرجعة)] وبعض العلماء يلحق العتق بهذه الثلاث، ولا يصح في ذلك حديث،
In ʿAwn al-Maʿbūd it states: “Abū Bakr al-Maʿārifī stated: there is a narration with the addition of the freeing of a slave but there are no authentic aḥadīth concerning [all of] them.”
قال في عون المعبود: (قال أبو بكر المعافري: روي فيه: (والعتق)، ولم يصح شيء منه، فإن كان أراد ليس منه شيء على شرط الصحيح فلا كلام،
If what he intended was that there are no authentic aḥadīth with the conditions of an authentic ḥadīth, then there is no issue here, but if he intended that the ḥadīth is inauthentic then this statement is not fully correct, for indeed it is Ḥasan as was declared by al-Tirmiḏī as well as al-Albānī who mentioned its supporting narrations.
وإن أراد أنه ضعيف ففيه نظر، فإنه يحسَّن كما قال الترمذي)، أي: أن الترمذي قال عن هذا الحديث: حديث حسن غريب، وحسنه الألباني بشواهد ذكرها.
ʿAbd al-Muḥsin al-ʿAbbād, Sharḥ Abī Dāwūd 251/29
عبد المحسن العباد، شرح سنن أبي داود ٢٥١/٢٩
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